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Contraception Flashcards

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1
Q

How long can sperm live in the female genital tract?

A

5 days

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2
Q

How long do ovum survive in the female genital tract?

A

24 hours

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3
Q

What frequency of sexual intercouse would mean that sperm are in the female genital tract all the time?

A

every 3 days

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4
Q

What is the pearl index?

A

no. of contraceptive failures per 100 women users/years

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5
Q

What is the equation for pearl index?

A

no. of accidental pregnancies x 1200/ total months of exposure

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6
Q

What is the most commonly used contrception worldwide?

A

withdrawal

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7
Q

What are the 5 aspects of natural family planning?

A

basal body temperature; cervical mucous; cervical position; standard days; lactational amenorrhea

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8
Q

When should basal body temperature be taken?

A

before rising in the morning

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9
Q

Waht is the increase in body temperature during ovulation?

A

> 0.2 degrees sustained for 3 days after at least 6 days of lower temp

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of cervical mucous at ovulation?

A

thick and sticky post ovulation for at least 3 days after thinner watery, stretchy muscous

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11
Q

What is the position of the cervix when fertile?

A

high in vagina; soft and open

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12
Q

What is the position of the cervix when less fertile?

A

low in vagina firm and closed

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13
Q

What are the most fertile days in a 28 day cycle?

A

days 8-18

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14
Q

What are the criteria for lactational amenorrhea?

A

exclusively breast feeding; less than 6/12 post natal; amenorrhoeic

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15
Q

How effective is lactational amenorrhea?

A

98%

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16
Q

What are the types of combined hormonal contrception?

A

pills; patches and vaginal ring

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17
Q

What are the types of progestogen only contraception?

A

pill; implant; depo injection

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18
Q

What is the mode of action of combined hormonal contraception?

A

primarily inhibits ovulation; effect on cervical mucus; effect on endometrium

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19
Q

What is the pearl index for combined hormonal contraception?

A

0.3%

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20
Q

Give an example of newer POP?

A

desogestel

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21
Q

What is the MOA of newer POP?

A

inhibit ovulation; effects on cervical mucus; fallopian tube transport and endometrium

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22
Q

What is the MOA of older POPs?

A

effects on cervical mucus; fallopian tube transport and endometrium

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23
Q

What is the pearl index for POPs?

A

0.3%

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24
Q

What are the pros of the implant?

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A

reliable, not user dependent, lasts for 3 years

25
What is the mode of action of implant?
inhibition of ovulation; effects on endometrium and cervical mucus
26
What is the pearl index of the implant?
0.05%
27
How often is the depo injection given?
every 13 weeks, lasts 14 weeks
28
What is the MOA of the depo injection?
inhibitis ovulation; effects on cervical mucus and endometrium
29
What is the pearl index of the depot injection?
0.2%
30
What is the mode of action of the IUS?
effect on implantation; endometrium rendered unfavourable for implantation; effects cervical mucous and pre-fertilisation effects
31
What is the pearl index of the IUS?
0.2% (1 in 500)
32
What is the mode of action of IUD?
prevention of fertilisation; inflammatory response in endometrium
33
How long does the IUD last for ?
5/10 years
34
What is the pearl index of the IUD?
0.6-0.8% (1 in 200)
35
What other name is the IUS known as?
the coil
36
What is the MOA of female sterilisation?
blocks the fallopian tubes with filshie clips
37
What is important about performing female sterilisation?
must not be at risk of pregnancy
38
What is the % of women experiencing pregnancy in first year use with condoms and perfect use?
2%
39
What is the % of women experiencing pregnancy in first year use with condoms and typical use?
18%
40
What is the % of women experiencing pregnancy in first year use with CHC and typical use?
9%
41
What is the % of women experiencing pregnancy in first year use with the POP and typical use?
6%
42
What are the features of LARCs?
typical use is the same as perfect use
43
What is UKMEC category 1?
no restriction for use of method
44
What is UKMEC category 2?
advantages of method generally outweigh risks
45
What is UKMEC category 3?
risks generally outweigh the advantages
46
What is UKMEC category 4?
condition which represents unacceptable risk with contraceptive method
47
What contraceptive methods require recording of BP and BMI before first prescription?
depo; CHC; prog only methods
48
How can you be reasonably certain that a patient isn;t pregnant?
no sex since last period; consistently using reliable contraception; <7 days since last normal period; <4 week post partum(not breastfeeding); lactational amenorrhea; neg pregnancy test and >3 weeks since UPSI
49
What is UPSI?
unprotected sexual intercourse
50
What is LARC?
long-acting reversible contraceptives
51
What is quick starting contraception?
starting contraception when patient presents ie not waiting until next period
52
What methods are not suitable for quick-starting?
IUD; pills containing cyproterone acetate
53
What happens if female sterilisation is done when patient is pregnant?
risk of ectopic pregnancy
54
What is the problem with reversing a vasectomy?
sperm antibodies are produced
55
What is the failure rate of female sterilisation compared to the coil?
female sterilisation has higher rate of failure than coil
56
What should be done with quick starting CHC?
pregnancy test 3/4 weeks later- and stop if pregnanct, low chance of teratogenicity
57
What is cyproterone acetate used for?
acne tx
58
What is the problem with cyproterone acetate in pregnacy?
teratogenic, cause ferminisation of male fetus
59
What is the effect on premenstrual symptoms with progestegens?
worsen them

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