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Uterine Cancer Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

When do endometrial polyps tend to occur?

A

around or after the menopause

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2
Q

What are the type of endometrial hyperplasia?

A

simple; complex and atypical

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3
Q

What is the cause of endometrial hyperplasia?

A

often unkown; may be persistent oestrogen stimulation

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4
Q

How does endometrial hyperplasia present?

A

abnormal bleeding- DUB or PMB

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5
Q

What is the difference between the distribution of simple and complex/atypical?

A

simple has a general distrubtion whilst complex and atypical hyperplasia both display a focal

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6
Q

What is simple endometrial hyperplasia formed of?

A

glands and stroma

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7
Q

What tissues make up complex and atypical hyperplasia?

A

glands

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8
Q

What is seen with the glands in simple endometrial hyperplasia?

A

dilated not crowded

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9
Q

What is seen wtih the glands in complex and atypical hyperplasia?

A

crowded

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10
Q

What is the cytology assocted with simple and complex endometrial hyperplasia?

A

normal

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11
Q

what is the cytology seen with stypical endometrial hyperplasia?

A

atypical

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12
Q

When is the peak incidence of endometrial carcinoma?

A

50-60 yeas

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13
Q

What should be considered in women <40 who have endometrial carcinoma?

A

PCOS or Lynch syndrome which predispose

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14
Q

What are the 2 main groups of endometrial carcinoma?

A

endometrioid and serous carcinoma

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15
Q

What is the precursor for endometrioid carcinoma?

A

atypical hyperplasia

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16
Q

what is the precurose lesion for serous carcinoma?

A

serous intraepithelial carcinoma

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17
Q

What is seen macroscopically with endometrial carcinom?

A

large uterus; polypoid

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18
Q

What is the most common type of endometrial carcinoma?

A

most are adencarcinomas

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19
Q

What is the direct spread of endometrial carcinoma?

A

myometrium and cervix

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20
Q

What are type 1 tumours?

A

endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas

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21
Q

What are type 1 tumours related to?

A

unopposed oestrogen

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22
Q

What are type 2 endometrial tumours?

A

serous and clear cells

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23
Q

Who gets type 1 endometrial carcinoma?

A

elderyl post-menopausal women

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24
Q

What gene is often mutated with type 2 endoemtrail tumours?

25
What mutations are associated with type 1 endometrial cancers?
PTEN; KRAS; PIK3CA
26
What are the reasons that obesity is a risk factor for endometrial cancer?
adipocytes express aromatase that converts androgens into oestrogens- endometrial proliferation; sex-hormone bidnign globulin levels are lower increasing free hromone; IGF exerts proliferative effect on endometrium
27
What other name is Lynch syndrome known as?
hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
28
What cancers are pts with Lynch syndrome most at risk of?
colorectal; endometrial and ovarina
29
What is the inheritance of Lynch syndrome?
autosomal dominant
30
What causes Lynch yrome?
defective DNA mismatch repair gene
31
What is seen wtih Lynch syndrome tumours?
microsatellite instability
32
What is microsatellite instability characteristic of?
defective mismatch repair
33
How do type 2 endometrial carcinomas spread?
fallopian tube mucosa and peritoneal surfaces
34
What is the difference in aggression between type 1 adn type 2 endometrial cancers?
type 2 are more aggresssive
35
What is serous carcinoma characterised by histologically?
complex papillary and/or glandular architecture with diffuse, marked nuclear pleomorphism
36
Why does endometrioid carcinoma have a good prognosis?
usually confined to uterus at presentation
37
How are endometrioid cacrinomas graded primarily?
architecture
38
What is grade 1 endometrial carcinoma?
5% or less solid growth
39
What is grade 2 endometrioid carcinoma?
6-50% solid grwoth
40
What is rade3 endometriorid carcinoma?
>50% solid growth
41
What is a stage 1A of endometrial cancer?
no or <50% myometrial invasion
42
What is stage 1B of endometrial cancer?
invasion equal to or >50% of myometrium
43
What is stage 2 of endometrial cacner?
invade cervical stroma
44
What is stage 3A of endometrial carcinoma?
tumour invades serosa of uterus and or adnexae
45
What is stage 3B endometrial cancer?
vaginal and/or parametrial involvemtn
46
Waht is stage 3C of endometrial cancer?
mets to pelvic and/or lumbar lymph nodes
47
What is stage 4 of endometrial cancer?
invades bladder and or bowel mucosa (A) or distant mets (B)
48
What is an endometrial stromal sarcoma?
tumour arising from andoetrial stroma
49
What is a carcinosarcoma of the endometrium?
mixed tumour with malignant epithelail and stromal elemnts
50
What is the most common met sites for endometrial stromal sarcoma?
ovary or lung
51
What is the most important prognostic factor for endometrial stromal sarcoma?
stage
52
What is a carcinosarcoma?
carcinoma with sarcomatous elements
53
The presence of what type of sarcomatous elements have the worst prognosis?
rhabdomyosarcomatous
54
What staging system does carcinosarcom share?
endometrial cancers
55
What are leiomyomas more well known as?
fibroids
56
What are fibroids associated with?
menorrhagia and infertility
57
What is leiomyosarcoma?
a malignant smooth muscle tumour commonly displaying a spindel cell morphology
58
What is the most common uterine sarcoma?
leiomyosarcoma
59
What staging system does leiomyosarcoma share?
endometrial stromal sarcoma

Reproduction (52 decks)

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