Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reproduction > Microbiology of Genital Tract Infections > Flashcards

Microbiology of Genital Tract Infections Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the bacterial causes of STIs?

A

chlamydia trachomatis; neisseria gonorrhoeae and treponema pallidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between gonococci and chlamydia in terms of discharge?

A

gonococci- intense neurtrophil response with lots of pus whereas chlamydia produces a mild, watery discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the only method for transmission of STIs?

A

human-human, eg no fomites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How common is candida infection?

A

30% females are colonised with Candida and haven o symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What ar ethe predisposing factors for candida infection?

A

recent antibiotic therapy; high oestrogen levels (pregnancy, contraceptives); poorly controlled DM; immunocompromise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does candida present?

A

intensely itchy white vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for candida?

A

tropical clotrimazole pessary or cream; oral fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common form of candida?

A

candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the appearnace of C.albicans on gram film?

A

buds and hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who gets candida balanitis?

A

males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the presentation of candida balanitis?

A

red spotty rash over penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three types of prostatits?

A

acute bacterial; chronic bacterial prostatitis; chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the symptoms of acute bacterial prostatits?

A

UTI symptoms; lower abdo/back/perineal/penile pain and tender prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

complication of UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

e.coli and other ocliforms; enterococcus sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What bugs should you check for in patients <35 with acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

gonorrhea and chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is a test for chlamydia and gonorrhea done?

A

first pass urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for acute bacterial prostattis?

A

trimethoprim for 28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What infection does the presence of genital ulcers increase the risk of getting?

A

HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main bug in the normal vaginal flora?

A

lactobacillus spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do lactobacilli produce?

A

lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of lactobacillus is found in yoghurt and why is it not effective as a remedy?

A

lactobacillus acidophilus which is rarely found in the normal vagina so yoghurt is not effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the change in pH with bacterial vaginosis?

A

becomes more alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What organism predominates in bacterial vaginosis?

A

gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the discharge in bacterial vaginosis like?
homogenous and may contain bubbles
26
What is a positive whiff test?
adding potassium hydroxide to the discharge on the slide elicits an amine-like, fishy odour
27
What is seen on a wet mount with bacterial vaginosis?
absence of bacilli and their replacement with clumps of coccobacilli which can obscure the cell edges (clue cells)
28
What does high numbers of leukocytes in the wet mount of a woman with BV suggest?
coincident infection eg trichomoniasis or bacterial cervicitis
29
What are the risks associated with bacterial vaginosis?
incrased rate of upper tract infection eg endometritis; salpingitis; preterm delivery if pregnant; increased HIV risk
30
What is the treatment of bacterial vaginsosi?
metronidazole for 7 days
31
What is the most common bacterial STI in the UK?
chlamydia trachomatis
32
What areas of the body does chlamydia infect?
urethra; rectum; throat and eyes; endocervix
33
Why does chlamydia not stain with gram stain?
no peptidoglycan in the cell wall
34
How does chlamydia live?
obligate intracellular bacteria
35
What does lymphogranuloma venereum cause?
proctitis
36
Who is at risk for lymphogranuloma venereum?
men who have sex with men
37
What is the treatment for chlamydia?
azithromycin 1 g oral dose or doxy bd 7 day
38
What serovars are genital infections usuall caused by?
D-K
39
What tests are used to diagnose chlamydia and gonorrhoea?
combined nucleic acid amplification or PCR
40
What samples are used for chlamydia and gonorrhea diagnosis?
male- first pass urine ; females- HVS or VVS; rectal and throat; eye
41
What areas of the body does neisseria gonorrhoeae infect?
urethra; rectum; throat and eyes; endocervic
42
How does gonorrhea appear on gram stain?
gram negative diplococcus - like two kidney beans facing each other
43
Why do gonorrohea often appear intracellularly on gramfilm?
easily phagocytosed by polymorphed
44
What is meant by gonorrhea being a fastidious organism?
doesnt survive well in less than ideal growth condition
45
Why is PCR/ NAAT better than culture?
less invasive specimens required; more sensitive; quicker
46
Why may culture be better than PCR/NAAT?
cannot track antibiotic resistance
47
How is gonnorhoeal infection of the pharynx aquired?
orogenital exposure- fellatio more than cunnilingus
48
How does pharyngeal gonorrhoea presnet?
mostly asymptomatic although can have exudative pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenopathy
49
What is the treatment for n.gonorrhoeae?
IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin
50
What should be done for all patients after treatment of gonorrhea?
test of cure
51
What is the function of azithromycin in the treatment of gonorrhoea?
cotreatment of chlamydia and treat against resistance
52
Why is routine screening for rectal gonorrhea done in MSM and not females?
>50% of MSM with gonorrhea have only extragenital infections but this is rare in women
53
What bug causes syphilis?
treponema pallidum
54
How is syphilis diagnosed? wHy?
PCR or serological tests to detect antibodies as cannot be grown in artifical culture media
55
What is the priamry lesion in syphilis?
chancre- painless ulcer at site of infection, will heal without treatment
56
What is the secondary stage of syphilis?
snail track mouth ulcers, generalised rash, flu-like symptoms; larg numbers of bacteria in blood
57
What are the 4 stages of syphilis?
primary lesion; secondary stage; latenet stage; late stage syphilis
58
What are the non-specific serological tests that can be done for syhpilis?
VDRL ad RPR
59
What are the non-speciic serological tests measuring and what are they measuring?
useful for monitroing response to therapy, meausre tissue inflammation
60
What is the screnning specific serological test for syphilis?
IgM and IgG ELISA
61
What is the treatment for syphilis?
injectable lon-acting penicillin
62
what is the pathogenesis of genital herpes?
virus replicates in dermis and epidermis; gets into nerve endings of sensory and autonomic nerves- inflammation at nerve endings, virus migrates to root ganglion
63
How is genital herpes diagnosed?
swab in virus transport medium of deroofed lister for PCR
64
What is the treatment for genital herpes?
aciclovir and pain relief
65
How does trichomonas vaginalis divide?
binary fission
66
What is trichomonas vaginalis?
single celled protozoal parasite
67
What does trichomonas vaginalis presnet with?
vaginal discharge and irritation
68
How is trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed?
HVS for microscopy
69
What is the treatment for trichomonas vaginalis?
oral metronidazole
70
How is pubic lice acquired?
close genital skin contact
71
What causes itching with phthirus pubis?
lice bite skin and feed on blood
72
What is the treatment for phthirus pubis?
malathion lotion

Reproduction (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions