Control and Command

Question 1

Explain TENR

Answer 1

Threat, Exposure, Necessity, Response

Question 2

Define Threat

Answer 2

Individual, act, anything likely to cause harm or potentially hinder Police in performance of their duties

Question 3

Define Exposure

Answer 3

Potential for harm to people or security of places and things

Question 4

Define Necessity

Answer 4

Need to intervene now, later, not at all

Question 5

Define Response

Answer 5

proportionate and based on assessment of Threat, Exposure and Necessity

Question 6

The response to any situation must be

Answer 6

considered, timely, and proportionate

Question 7

What is Control?

Answer 7

Responsibility for coordinating and directing response to an incident.

Does not include ownership or administration of another agencies resources

Question 8

How is Control applied?

Answer 8

Operates horizontally across organisations

Question 9

What is Command?

Answer 9

Internal ownership; admin and responsibility and direction. NZ Police consider it “the authority that a Commander in NZP lawfully exercises over assigned staff by virtue of rank or assignment”.

It operates vertically within an organisation.

Question 10

What are the three essential elements of Command and Control?

Answer 10

• Leadership
• Decision making
• Control

Question 11

What is a decision log

Answer 11

a record of key decisions

Question 12

Why does NZP use CIMS as its command and control model (5)

Answer 12

1. Provides one model of command, control and coordination
2. required in any interagency response in NZ
3. understood and practiced by our multiagnecy partners
4. consistent with command, control and coordination SOPs already in place
5. Allready practiced at all levels of Police

Question 13

What three specific command levels do police conduct duties

Answer 13

1. Tactical
2. Operational
3. Strategic

Question 14

Do all events and incidents at all levels require Commanders

Answer 14

Not for Operational or Strategic levels but all Tactical level events, no matter how minor has a tactical level commander

Question 15

Almost all Policing occurs at what command level.

Provide examples of functions undertaken by a commander at this level (5)

Answer 15

Tactical command level.

1. commander at inner cordon,
2. command of immediate situation,
3. command of all Police resources within cordons,
4. Command within intent provided by operational Commander and Strategic Commander (if one is appointed)
5. Manage interagency coordination at a tactical level

Question 16

When does an operational Command level exist

examples of Operational level Command (5)

Answer 16

• multiple tactical level activities
• complexity requires higher level of command

1. Command of overall incident or incidents,
2. Command of resource distribution to support tactical commanders,
3. Command response outside area of tactical deployment like AOS Op,
4. Manage interagency coordination at operational level,
5. Command response within the strategic Commanders intent

Question 17

When is strategic command level applied.

Provide examples (4)

Answer 17

When Scope, consequence, community or political implications of event is significant and requires dedicated attention.

1. Command overall Police response,
2. Command multiple operational level activities like cross district events,
3. command community consultation response,
4. provide liaison between Operation and Police Executive, government, media and agencies.

Question 18

What are the principles of COMMAND & CONTROL (5)

Answer 18

• Unity of CaC. Only one CaC structure at one time
• Span of CaC. flexible but between 2 - 7 direct reports
• Continuity of CaC. not disrupted during transfer of authority
• Delegation of CaC. centralisation at CaC, decentralisation at execution.
• Obligations of CaC. CaC’er responsible for Health and Safety of staff and wider reputation of Police.

Question 19

Explain Unity of CaC

Answer 19

• Only one Control or Command Structure
• Controller/Commander responsible for succesful outcome of Op
• Has authority to control all police resources commited to operation
• Clear chain of command

Question 20

What is internationally recognised SPAN of control (in direct reports)

Answer 20

2 - 7

Question 21

In terms of CONTINUITY of CaC what must be ensured around replacements

Answer 21

Should plan a reserve capability and there must be a process to ensure operations are not disrupted or delayed during the transfer of authroity

Question 22

What must occur when controllers and commanders are DELEGATED responsibility for their parts of an operation

Answer 22

At all levels Controllers and Commanders should be given the necessary direction and resources to conduct the task without interference.

Question 23

What are the OBLIGATIONS of a Controller or Commander (4)

Answer 23

• Community safety
• health and wellbeing of staff
• Wider reputation of Police
• behave lawfully, ethically and professionally

Question 24

What is an “appreciation”

Answer 24

A process for problem solving and decision making

Question 25

What is the police "appreciation" format?

Answer 25

AFCO. Aim Factors Course of Action Outline Plan

Question 26

Were is the Aim derived from How is it written

Answer 26

Guidance or intent set from higher control or command level. The commander of the Police response must determine the the Aim. Generally starts 'To' will outline 'what' of the operation can include 'how, when, why or where'.

Question 27

What factors should always be considered? (14)

Answer 27

1. Ground (terrain and location) 2. Time and space (changes to scene ie school finishing, peak traffic; tide) 3. Weather (forecast; winds etc) 4. Risk (TENR) 5. Legislation (power to act/arrest) 6. Budget 7. Media 8. Political considerations 9. Police role (why are we here?) 10. Log 11. Health and Safety 12. Intelligence 13. Community impact assessment (Trust and confidence) 14. Offenders (most likely course & most dangerous course of action)

Question 28

What three headings should be in an outline plan?

Answer 28

SME Situation Mission Execution

Question 29

What is an Action plan

Answer 29

Refered to in CIMS as an Action plan, also known as an operation order. Details desired outcome, key tasks for management of an incident.

Question 30

What is the duration of an Action Plan

Answer 30

For an operational period defined by the controller

Question 31

When are new action plans developed (3)

Answer 31

* Objectives in original plan acheived * Significant situation change where original objectives can't be met * Objectives changed by controller

Question 32

What are the principles of an operation order/action plan?

Answer 32

Written, Clear and Simple. Accurate as possible and Capable of Execution

Question 33

What is the format for Op orders?

Answer 33

* Ground * Situation * Mission * Execution * Administration and Logistics * Command and Signals GSMEAC

Question 34

How many sentences make up the mission statement?

Answer 34

One (and it should start with "To...")

Question 35

Who must be named in command and signals?

Answer 35

Controller and 2IC

Question 36

How must operation orders be presented?

Answer 36

In a formal Orders Group by the Controller

Question 37

How must orders be given?

Answer 37

Directly to the person receiving them

Question 38

How should questions be handled?

Answer 38

In an allotted question time, specifically from each recipient (no general q's)

Question 39

What is the NCCC and MOC.

Answer 39

National Command and Control Centre and Major Operations Centre. take responsibility for coordinating all significant or national and international operations NCCC 24/7 MOC activated depending on level of support required

Question 40

What is RIOD for.

Answer 40

Real time Intelligence for Operational Deployment emergency management system. The 'single source of truth' Used to provide common platform linking Intel, Ops and deployment to enable Police to be well informed, well planned and well directed

Question 41

What is CIMS

Answer 41

Coordinated Incident Management System

Question 42

For CIMS. What is an incident

Answer 42

Occurance that needs a response from one or more agencies. Most are emergencies, though also used to manage incidents such as large public gatherings

Question 43

What is the purpose of CIMS (2)

Answer 43

* Establishing common structures, functions, terminology within framework that is flexible, modular and scaleable so it can be tailored to circumstances of incident * Enable agencies to develop own processes, procedures and training for executionof CIMS

Question 44

For CIMS what is the definition of an Emergency

Answer 44

Situation posing immediate risk to life, health, property or the environment that requires coordinated response

Question 45

What are the components of emergency management (4Rs)

Answer 45

4Rs **Risk Reduction** (measures such as health promotion, bulding code etc) **Readiness** (Recovery needs to be included in readiness planning) **Response** (to manage consequences of hazards, support affected communities, establish basis for recovery) **Recovery**

Question 46

What are some common response objectives (10)

Answer 46

Preserve life prevent escalation of the emergency maintain law and order Care for sick, injured and dependant Provide essential services Preserve governance Protect assets, including buildings and their contents Protect natural and physical resources provide animal welfare preserve economic and social acticity

Question 47

What are the CIMS principles (3)

Answer 47

1. **Responsive to Community needs**. recognise rights of individual, treat with fariness and dignity. Communities to actively participate rather than wait for assistance 2. **Flexibility**. modular and scaleable. Adaptable to any situation 3. **Unity of effort**. Common objectives. Allows organisations with specific mandates to support each other while maintaining their own authorities.

Question 48

What are CIMS Characteristics (5)

Answer 48

1. Common structures, roles and responsibilities 2. Common terminology 3. Interoperability 4. Management by objectives 5. Engaging Iwi

Question 49

How does CIMS benefit by engagement with Maori in response and recovery (6)

Answer 49

* strong networks * access to community focal points (marae) * ability to mobilise resources appropriatley * understandingof tikanga (marae protocol, burial practices) * able to identify and assess iwi needs * an ability to link with other cultures

Question 50

What should engagement with Maori in response and recovery be based on (3)

Answer 50

* Partnership built on mutual respectand shared values. Follows treaty principles of participation, protection and partnership * recognise capability of Maori to support response and recovery * Collaberation with Maori and emergency mangement during and after event across all 4 R's

Question 51

What is the lead agency

Answer 51

Agency with mandate to manage response through legislation, under protocols, by agreement. Establishes control to coordinate response of all involved agencies. May change between each of the 4R's phases

Question 52

What happens when Lead agency can't be readily identified

Answer 52

Response agencies may adopt joint 'unified control'

Question 53

What is a support agency

Answer 53

Provides support to lead agency. Lead agency tasks and coordinates support agencies resources and actions. Support agencies may have statutory responsibilities and objective of their own that the lead agency needs to accomodate.

Question 54

What do lead and support agencies have to ensure prior to incidents

Answer 54

Lead agency has to ensure plans are in place prior to incidents that they will lead. Support agencies will assist in developing these.

Question 55

What is a fundemental responsibility of lead agencies

Answer 55

Integration of support agencies into the response is a fundemental responsibility of lead agencies

Question 56

What are the functions that need to be considered at an incident? (7) What are their roles

Answer 56

* **CONTROL** - Coordinates and controls response * **INTELLIGENCE -** Collects and analyses informaiton. Relating to status, hazards and context of incident * **PLANNING -** Response activities and resource needs. develop action plans * Develop long term and contingency plans * assist with planning transition to recovery * convene, conduct planning meetings * forecast resource requirements * **OPERATIONS -** Direction, coordination and supervision of response elements. Should include members of other agencies * Implementation of Action Plan * volunteer coodination * liaison with other agencies * **LOGISTICS -** Generally needed before other functions, set up early. * Personnel, equipment, supplies, finance, services etc * **PIM** (public information management) - messages for public, media. Liaise with community. May issue warning on direction of Controller * **WELFARE** - managing consequences of incident on individuals, whanau and communities.

Question 57

What do these functions form (collectively)

Answer 57

IMT: Incident Managemet Team

Question 58

What other functions can exist with the IMT (4)

Answer 58

Response manager Technical experts Health and safety advisores Iwi representaiton

Question 59

What does the decision to scale up or down a CIMS response need to take into consideration (3)

Answer 59

* **Safety** response personel, public and property * **Size and Complexity** * **Span of Control**

Question 60

Who is forward commander (or incident controller) at a small single agency incident

Answer 60

The senior first arriving responding officer. Has responsibility for all CIMS functions Must consider all functions and is likely to asume some himself such as PIM.

Question 61

What should the controller of a single agency response that progresses into a multi agency response do when incident controller changes? Why would the incident controller change?

Answer 61

1. Detailed handover 2. May be to a more senior, better qualified official. Or control is handed to another agency

Question 62

What is the Incident Controller of a multi agency response responsible for

Answer 62

Overall direction of response activities across all responding agenices Includes tasking and coordinating other support agencies, who action those tasks within their own command structures

Question 63

Should personnel from other support agencies be included in the ICP

Answer 63

Yes to ensure access to their special knowledge and the incorporation of their agencies requirements and resources

Question 64

When is an EOC established

Answer 64

Emergancy Operations Centre to coordinate multi-agency or multi incident response between respective ICPs Activated when: * Several incident level responses at different sites * Offsite coordination and support required * multi agency or multi incident responses

Question 65

What should a local Controller overseeing multiple response sites, each with their own incident controllers, do (6)

Answer 65

1. Define their own command and control relationship with each incident controller 2. receive detailed briefings from incident controllers 3. provide coordination between ICP's 4. inform ICP's of resources available 5. consider allocation of resources accross ICPs and resource elements 6. ensure Comms and support arrangements are activated and communicated

Question 66

How should changovers of the IMT occur (4)

Answer 66

* Outgoing personnel only leave once replacements briefed * Changeovers * increase personnel safety and reduce risk * do not disturb response operations * staggered to ensure continuity of repsonse operations

Question 67

What does S41 National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan make NZP the agency reponsible for (4)

Answer 67

Coordinate inquiries to: * assist family, whanau and next of kin make contact with each other * Trace missing persons * Notify next of kin Includes identification of people affected and assisting famly members/significant others to make contact

Question 68

What are public encouraged to do in first 72 hours of an emergency

Answer 68

* during first 72 hours all resources can be impacted * Use their usual and pre-planned means of contacting family * When these means have been exhausted and genuine fears for persons safety to inquire with Police

Question 69

What support agencies can police use to faciltate inquiries (5)

Answer 69

* National Emergency Managment Agency (NEMA), CDEM welfare registration system * Min of Education enrolement information to obtain current location of children and families affected by emergency * MFAT infromation about foriegn nationals * MOH, DHB's Ambulance (Primary Care). Patient registraion NHI database * Red Cross. International tracing facility via RFL (Restoring Family Links)

Question 70

Define Emergency (CDEM Act 2002) (3)

Answer 70

Emergency means a situation that- A. Is the result of any happening, whether natural or otherwise, including, without limitation, any explosion, tsunami, land movement, flood, storm, tornado, cyclone, serious fire, leakage or spillage of any dangerous gas or substance, technological failure, infestation, plague, epidemic, failure of or disruption to an emergency service or a lifeline utility, or actual or imminent attack or warlike act; and - B. Causes or may cause loss of life or injury or illness or distress or in any way endangers the safety of the public or property in NZ or any part of NZ; and - C. Cannot be dealt with by emergency services, or otherwise requires a significant and coordinated response under this Act

Question 71

Sections 86 - 93 Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002 give Police powers. outline the sections and relevant powers: (8)

Answer 71

S86 - Evacuation of premises and places S87 - Entry onto premises if RGTB to save life OR carry out any urgent measure for the relief of suffering or distress S88 - Close roads or public place if public emergency in place S89 - Removal of aircraft, vessels, vehicles etc - if state of emergency is in force S90 - Requisitioning powers: If SOE in place AND in opinion of IC or constable it is necessary for the preservation of human life - Must give a written statement specifying WHAT S91 - Power to give directions to stop something contributing to emergency, or take action to prevent or limit emergancy S92 - Power to carry out inspections, secure, destroy, disnfect, seize thing in order to prevent or limit emergency S93 - requirement to provide ID if requested and explain authority acting under

Question 72

Who fills role of initial command of incident reported to the Emergency Communications centre

Answer 72

Emergency Comms Cenre Shift Commander

Question 73

What must be considered before control is transfered to field units (3)

Answer 73

1. Early stages Comms is usually best equiped to control the response 2. Highest ranking person is not always the most approrpiate to take control 3. designated incident controller is not to take over until * establish ICP * Familiarised with incident, obtained a briefing * formulate a response plan

Question 74

What is the standard sequence of information provided by dispatcher once event locaion and type has been determined (6)

Answer 74

1. Summary of incident including weapons 2. Time delay 3. Direction of travel 4. mode of travel 5. description of offender/vehicles 6. Additional relevant information (hazards, weapons etc)