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BIO136 > Control of Microbial Growth - 2 > Flashcards

Control of Microbial Growth - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The use of low temperatures to usually inhibit or stop microbial growth and proliferation but often do not kill bacteria

A

Low Temperature

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2
Q

Temperature of this device can range from 0-7 degrees Celsius
This reduces the metabolic rate for most microbes

A

Refrigeration

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3
Q

inactivates any microbes — bacteria, yeasts and molds - - present in food. Once thawed, however, these microbes can again become active, multiplying under the right conditions to levels that can lead to foodborne illness

A

Freezing

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4
Q

used to freeze biological samples quickly so that large ice crystals cannot form and damage the sample
Does not kill most microbes

A

Flash Freezing

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5
Q

The use of a a low cooling rate and prevents intracellular ice formation (IIF) by dehydration of cells

A

Slow Freezing

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6
Q

Over ___ of bacteria can survive 1 year of being frozen. Most parasites are killed by ___ of freezing.

A

⅓

a few days

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7
Q

Otherwise known as drying, generally has a static effect on microorganisms. Lack of water inhibits the action of microbial enzymes

A

Desiccation

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8
Q

this microorganism survives 1 hour after desiccation

A

Neisseria Gonnorhea

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9
Q

is the minimum pressure that needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

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10
Q

It is also defined as the measure of the tendency of a solution to take in its pure solvent by osmosis.

A

Osmotic pressure

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11
Q

this microorganism survives several months after desiccation

A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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12
Q

two viruses that can survive several months after desiccation

A

Clostridium and Bacillus -

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13
Q

Water leaving the cell

A

Plasmolysis

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14
Q

Resistant to high pressure

A

Yeasts and Molds

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15
Q

considerably more osmotolerant than other bacterial pathogens

A

Staphylococci

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16
Q

the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium

A

Radiation

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17
Q

Gamma, x, electron, or higher energy rays

Causes mutations

Generally used for medical supplies

Disadvantage: Penetrates human tissue and causes genetic mutations

A

Ionizing radiation

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18
Q

Typically used on trichinosis, beef for E.Coli, salmonella
What germicidal lamps use

Ultraviolet Light
Wavelength of radiation is longer than 1 nanometer

Produces thymine dimers

Disadvantages: Damages skin and eyes. Doesn’t penetrate paper and other items.

A

Nonionizing Radiation

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19
Q

Wavelength = 1 mm - 1m

Trichinosis outbreak from pork cooked in microwaves

Does not affect microbes directly

Disadvantage: heating is uneven

A

Microwave Radiation

20
Q

It causes breaks in DNA that further inhibit DNA and protein synthesis. It decreases the uptake of oxygen and nutrients that affect the growth of microorganisms and eventually leads to the killing of cells.

A

Halogens

21
Q

It causes breaks in DNA that further inhibit DNA and protein synthesis. It decreases the uptake of oxygen and nutrients that affect the growth of microorganisms and eventually leads to the killing of cells.

A

Halogens

22
Q

the the 3 main halogens in the disinfection category.

A

Fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), and iodine (I)

23
Q

fungicide, bacteriacide, and viricide are considered:

A

Germicides

24
Q

bacteriostatic and fungistatic are considered

A

Germistatic

25
Q

Destroy everything
For scalpels and other medical equipment
Examples include ethylene oxide gas and hydrogen peroxide

A

Sterilants

26
Q

Do not reliably destroy endospores
For GI endoscopes
Examples include iodine, phenol, chlorhexidine, and silver nitrate

A

High-level Disinfectant

27
Q

Will kill mycobacterium, but not destroy all viruses or endospores
For stethoscopes, electrodes, and thermometers
Includes ethyl and isopropyl alcohol

A

Intermediate Level Disinfectant

28
Q

Will not kill mycobacterium
For clothes
Examples include soap and detergent

A

Low-level Disinfectant

29
Q

Rarely used today because it is a skin irritant and has a strong odor
Used in some throat sprays and lozenges
Example of this is carbolic acid

A

Phenols and Phenolics

30
Q

derivatives of phenol cresols
Derived from coal tar (Lysol)

A

Phenolics

31
Q

For use against gram-positive staphylococcus and streptococci
Used in nurseries
Excessive use can lead to neurological damage
Destroys plasma membranes and denatures proteins

Advantages: Stable, persist for long times after being applied.

A

Biphenols (pH isoHex)

32
Q

One of the 1st antiseptic

A

Iodine

33
Q

Skin antiseptic in surgery
Slow releasing
Not effective against bacterial endospores
Examples include betadine and isodine

A

Iodophors

34
Q

Forms hypochloric acid: Cl2 + H20 -> H + Cl- + HoCl
Used to disinfect drinking water, pools, and sewage

A

Chlorine

35
Q

Denatures protein
Used to mechanically wipe off microorganisms
Not good for open wounds, causes proteins to coagulate

A

Alcohol

36
Q

Drinking alcohol
70% is the optimum concentration for disinfecting

A

Ethanol

37
Q

Rubbing alcohol
This might be best to use as a nurse

A

Isopropanol

38
Q

This compound disinfectant is prepared by pure natural plants, and is rich in various natural organic acid, phenol and the like

A

Silver nitrate

39
Q

Mild antiseptic
Colorless and caustic liquid
Forms hydroxyl free radicals
Effective against anaerobes
Skin and wound cleaner
Quick method for sterilizing medical equipment

A

Hydrogen Peroxide

40
Q

is any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth

A

anaerobic organism or anaerobe

41
Q

Copper, selenium, mercury, silver, zinc
Oligodynamic action

A

Heavy Metals

42
Q

Menthiolate and mercurochrome

A

Mercury

43
Q

Copper ___ is used to kill algae in pools

A

Copper sulfate

44
Q

Heavy metal that kills fungi

A

Selenium

45
Q

Zinc chloride for mouthwash
Zinc oxide as an antifungal agent in paint

A

Zinc

46
Q

Surface active agents
Cationic (positively charged) detergents

A

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats)

47
Q
A

BIO136 (16 decks)

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