Finals - Eye Diseases

Question 1

• white part of the eye, protects the eyeball.

Answer 1

sclera

Question 2

-or black dot at the center of the eye, is an opening through which light can enter the eye

Answer 2

pupil

Question 3

• controls how much light enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil, colored part of the eye

Answer 3

iris

Question 4

-a clear window at the front of the eye, covers the iris and the pupil.

Answer 4

cornea

Question 5

• located behind the pupil, acts like a camera lens by focusing light onto the retina at the back of the eye

Answer 5

lens

Question 6

is a light-sensitive inner lining at the back of the eye. Ten different layers of cells work together to detect light and turn it into electrical impulses

Answer 6

retina

Question 7

This holds the eye lens is held in position. They help in changing the curvature and focal length of the eye lens.

Answer 7

Ciliary muscles

Question 8

The space between the retina and eye lens is filled
with another fluid called ___

Answer 8

Vitreous humour

Question 9

It is a spot at which the optic nerve enters the eye and is insensitive to light and hence the name.

Answer 9

Blind Spot

Question 10

The ability of the eye to focus objects lying at different distances

Answer 10

Power of Accommodation:

Question 11

Infection of the Eye Membranes: Conjunctivitis (pinkeye) can be caused by

Answer 11

Various bacteria (e.g.: Haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas) and viruses (e.g.: adenovirus)

Question 12

: caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is also associated with unsanitary contact lenses

Answer 12

Inclusion conjunctivitis

Question 13

Transmitted to infants during birth and through unchlorinated swimming water.

Answer 13

Inclusion conjunctivitis

Question 14

can cause a non-exudative but persistent conjunctivitis without much redness.

Answer 14

Chlamydia trachomatis or Moraxella

Question 15

causes membrane formation in conjunctiva of non immunized children.

Answer 15

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 16

Bacterial conjunctivitis usually resolves without treatment.

Answer 16

NA

Question 17

Antibiotics, eye drops, or ointment may only be needed if no improvement is observed after three days

Answer 17

NA

Question 18

eyes that either do not produce enough tears or have poor tear quality

Answer 18

DRY EYES

Question 19

Any deficiency within the tear layers will cause dry eyes

Answer 19

NA

Question 20

its due to an inadequate amount of the water layer in tears.

Answer 20

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

Question 21

Causes of dry eyes include certain medical conditions including Sjogren’s syndrome, allergic eye disease, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, graft vs. host disease, sarcoidosis, thyroid disorders or vitamin A deficiency

Answer 21

NA

Question 22

caused by contact lens use, nerve damage or that caused by laser eye surgery, though symptoms of dry eyes related to this procedure are usually temporary

Answer 22

Corneal nerve desensitivity

Question 23

Drugs called ___ (pilocarpine, cevimeline) help increase tear production.

Answer 23

cholinergics

Question 24

Eyedrops made from your own blood. These are called ___. They may be an option if you have severe dry eye symptoms that don’t respond to any other treatment.

Answer 24

autologous blood serum drops

Question 25

Drugs to reduce eyelid inflammation. Eyedrops to control cornea inflammation. Tear-stimulating drugs. Eyedrops made from your own blood.

Answer 25

Treatment of keraconjunctivitis sicca

Question 26

Avoid air blowing in your eyes. Add moisture to the air. Consider wearing wraparound sunglasses or other protective eyewear. Take eye breaks during long tasks. Be aware of your environment. Position your computer screen below eye level. Stop smoking and avoid smoke. Use artificial tears regularly.

Answer 26

Prevention of keraconjunctivitis sicca

Question 27

Treatment for Severe ophthalmic mycoses is

Answer 27

Amphotericin B

Question 28

Treatment for Filamentous fungal keratitis-

Answer 28

Topical Natamycin

Question 29

Treatment for Yeast keratitis-

Answer 29

Topical amphotericin B

Question 30

Treatment for Ophthalmic mycoses-

Answer 30

Itraconazole and Fluconazole

Question 31

Neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia is caused by

Answer 31

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 32

This disease is transmitted to newborn's eyes during passage through the birth canal Prevented by treatment newborn's eyes with antibiotics

Answer 32

Neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia

Question 33

Inclusion conjunctivitis Transmitted to newborn's eyes during passage through the birth canal Spread through swimming pool water Treated with Tetracycline

Answer 33

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 34

Greatest cause of blindness worldwide Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea leading to blindness

Answer 34

Trachoma

Question 35

• Large amount of discharge that is green to yellow in color Usually lasts 3 to 5 days Requires antibiotics eye drops to help remove the infection

Answer 35

Bacterial Eye Infection

Question 36

• Caused by viruses • The discharge is clear and watery Symptoms of cold may be present Will not respond to antibiotics Topical antiviral agents

Answer 36

Viral Eye Infection

Question 37

• Caused by allergens such as pollen, perfumes, cosmetics, smoke, dust... Can respond to allergy treatment or disappear on its own.

Answer 37

Allergic Eye Infection

Question 38

• Caused by chemicals irritants such as air pollution, smoke, or noxious fumes. Usually, no treatment is needed

Answer 38

Chemical Eye Infection

Question 39

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) Leading cause of infectious blindness in US Can recur

Answer 39

Herpetic Keratitis (Inflammation of the cornea)

Question 40

can increase the herpes virus in the body.

Answer 40

Steroids

Question 41

is the most common type of Herpetic Keratitis and primarily infects the face, causing the familiar "cold sore" or "fever blister."

Answer 41

Type I

Question 42

is the sexually transmitted form of hHerpetic Keratitis, infecting the genitals.

Answer 42

Type II

Question 43

Treatment for Herpetic Keratitis

Answer 43

Topical ganciclovir or trifluridine. Oral or IV acyclovir or valacyclovir. For stromal involvement or uveitis, topical corticosteroids in addition to antiviral drugs.

Question 44

is a rare disease in which amoebae invade the cornea of the eye, and affects roughly 1.2 to 3 million people each year. protozoa transmitted via water, or poor hygiene concerning eye health routines Symptoms: eye pain, eye redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, sensation of something in the eye, excessive tearing.

Answer 44

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Question 45

Treatment for Acanthamoeba Keratitis:

Answer 45

Topical Biguanide and Diamidine therapy

Question 46

Caused - live virus. This classic herpetic lesion consists of a linear branching corneal ulcer (dendritic ulcer). Symptoms: complain of foreign-body sensation, light sensitivity, redness, and blurred vision. In immune deficient patients or with the use of corticosteroids the ulcer may become large and in these cases it is called geographic ulcer

Answer 46

Dendritic Ulcer (Epithelial Keratitis)

Question 47

Treatment for Dendritic Ulcer

Answer 47

Idoxuridine and Vidarabine eye drops.

Question 48

Causes - toxoplasmosis Signs and symptoms of ocular toxoplasmosis - reduced vision, blurred vision, pain (often with bright light), redness of the eye, and sometimes tearing.

Answer 48

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 49

Treatment for Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 49

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine, plus Folinic acid.

Question 50

An inflammatory reaction of the eyelid margin caused by bacteria (usually Staphylococcus aureus) or seborrheic skin condition, resulting in flaking, redness, irritation, and possibly recurrent styes of the upper or lower lid, or both.

Answer 50

BLEPHARITIS

Question 51

The term stye refers to an inflammation or infection of the glands and follicles of the eyelid margin.

Answer 51

HORDEOLUM (STYE)

Question 52

It is Collection of fluid or soft mass cyst. ETIOLOGY Blockage of meibomian gland SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS -Pea size cyst -painless slow swelling of the inner part of eye lid -Could become infected

Answer 52

CHALAZION (MEIBOMIAN CYST)