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BIO136 > Finals - Infectious Agents of the Cardiovascular System - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Finals - Infectious Agents of the Cardiovascular System - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

membrane that lines inside the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves

A

Endocardium

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2
Q
  • muscular tissue of the heart
A

Myocardium

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3
Q
  • membrane enclosing the heart
A

Pericardium

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4
Q

It is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium

A

Endocarditis

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5
Q

Endocarditis usually involves the HEART VALVES or ATRIUMS?

A

VALVES

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6
Q

Endocarditis is characterized by a lesion called

A

VEGETATION

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7
Q

Endocarditis Cause:

A

(Bacterial) Staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

an abnormal heart sound of turbulent blood flow through the heart

A

heart murmur

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9
Q

Diagnosis for Endocarditis

A

chest X-ray
computed tomography (CT) scan
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Electrocardiogram (EKG)-monitors electrical activity in your heart
CBC

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10
Q

Prevention for Endocarditis

A

Dental health
Avoid body piercing and tattoos
Seek prompt medical attention if you develop any type of skin infection, open cuts or sores that don’t heal properly

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11
Q

is a complication of rheumatic fever in which the heart valves are damaged.

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

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12
Q

is an inflammatory disease that begins with strep throat.

A

Rheumatic fever

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13
Q

Cause of Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Group A Streptococcus

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14
Q

are jerky, uncontrollable body movements — most often in the hands, feet and face

A

(Sydenham chorea)

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15
Q

Diagnosis for Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Physical examination
Echocardiogram (echo)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Chest X-ray
Cardiac MRI
Blood tests

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16
Q

Treatment for Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Antibiotics ( Penicillin)
Aspirin
Steroids

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17
Q

aims to minimize risk factors for a disease in a population through improvement to environment, economic, social and behavioral conditions that are known to increase the risk of infections. Examples include improved housing and reduced overcrowding.

A

Primordial prevention

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18
Q

aims to prevent complications from a known problem includes early diagnosis of group A streptococcus throat infections

A

Primary prevention

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19
Q

refers to the early detection of disease and measures to prevent recurrent disease and worsening of the condition (Secondary prophylaxis with regular benzathine penicillin G injection)

A

Secondary Prevention

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20
Q

aims to prevent complications once a disease is established - means reducing symptoms to minimize disability and prevent premature death.

A

Tertiary prevention

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21
Q

Condition in which artery wall thickens as the result of a build up of fatty materials such as cholesterol

A

Atherosclerosis

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22
Q
  • is any hardening( and loss of elasticity) of arterioles (small arteries)
A

Arteriosclerosis

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23
Q
  • is used for substances or processes that cause atherosclerosis
A

Atherogenic

24
Q

-is the developmental process of atheromatous plaques

A

Atherogenesis

25
Q

Causes of Atherosclerosis

A

Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the endothelium. Common causes include:
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Inflammation, like from arthritis or lupus
Obesity or diabetes
Smoking

26
Q
  • in which the doctor puts dye into your arteries will be visible on an X-ray
A

Angiogram

27
Q
  • a test to compare blood pressures in the lower leg and arm
A

Ankle-brachial index

28
Q
  • a record the heart’s electrical activity
A

EKG

29
Q

-in which you exercise while health care professionals watch your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

A

Stress test

30
Q

Treatment of Atherosclerosis

A

Anticholesterol-lowering medications
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers

31
Q

heart medications including statins and fibrates.

A

Anticholesterol-lowering medications,

32
Q

heart medications which may help prevent narrowing of your arteries.

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,

33
Q

heart medications to lower your blood pressure.

A

Beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers

34
Q

also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy
inflammation of the heart muscle
Causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders.

A

Myocarditis

35
Q

Causes of Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B viruses
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Hepatitis C
Herpes
HIV
Parvovirus

36
Q

(a common sexually transmitted disease)

A

Chlamydia

37
Q

(bacteria that cause a lung infection)

A

Mycoplasma

38
Q

(the cause of syphilis)

A

Treponema

39
Q

(the cause of Lyme disease)

A

Borrelia

40
Q

is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).
Causes: viral infection or bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, uremic pericarditis, following a heart attack, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chest trauma

A

Pericarditis

41
Q

uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create cross-sectional images of the heart that can reveal thickening, inflammation or other changes in the pericardium.

A

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-

42
Q

can help control the inflammation and prevent pericarditis

A

Colchicine

43
Q

almost always a complication of endocarditis
may rupture in spite of antibiotic treatment

A

Mycotic aneurysms

44
Q

rare infection following bacteremia in older persons with extensive atherosclerotic disease of the aorta
associated with staphylococci (from contaminated IVs) or with Salmonella (from bacteremic intestinal infection)

A

Aortitis

45
Q

is the dreaded long-term complication of tuberculosis with pericarditis
Causes impaired filling of the ventricles limited in expansion by the stiff and unyielding pericardium
Pericardiectomy may be necessary

A

Constrictive pericarditis

46
Q

Heart involvement during syphilis occurs in the stage of disease, many years after acquisition

A

tertiary

47
Q

caused by Borrelia burgdorferii (N. America) and Borrelia afzeli (Europe)
transmitted by Ixodes spp. tick bites
Expanding, ring-like skin lesions occur at the bite sites (“erythema chronicum migrans” or ECM)
ECM followed by dissemination with self-limited fever, arthralgia, neurologic and/or cardiac manifestations after weeks to months.
Long-standing, untreated disease may result in chronic, recurrent arthritis or persistent CNS symptoms.

A

Lyme disease

48
Q

is the most common cause of reversible heart block

A

Lyme carditis

49
Q

Chagas’ disease is transmitted by

A

Reduviid bug

50
Q

blood-sucking insect, lives in roof thatch or cracks in mud walls of substandard rural housing in South and Central America

A

reduviid bug (triatomine)

51
Q

the reduviid bug defecates while taking a blood meal; the pathogen, ___, is in the insect feces and is scratched into the bite site by the victim.

A

Trypanosoma cruz

52
Q

occurs in tropical regions worldwide
causes fibrosis of the endomyocardium with obliteration of the either (or both) ventricular chambers–> CHF
often preceded by profound eosinophilia
Cause-unknown

A

Endomyocardial Fibrosis

53
Q

is a extrapulmonary form of active TB
may scar and cause constrictive pericarditis
treat as for TB with corticosteroids added to prevent scarring

A

Tuberculous pericarditis

54
Q

can cause aortic root dilation and aortic insufficiency

A

Tertiary syphilis

55
Q

Disseminated phase of ___ is may cause a reversible heart block

A

Lyme disease

56
Q

Untreated ___ can cause chronic dilated cardiomyopathy after decades

A

American trypanosomiasis

BIO136 (16 decks)

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