Control Systems Invlove Stimulus And Response

Question 1

What is a stimulus in biological terms?

Answer 1

A stimulus is a change in the environment that triggers a response in an organism.

Question 2

What is the definition of a response?

Answer 2

A response is a reaction of an organism to a stimulus.

Question 3

True or False: All organisms respond to stimuli.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The control system that involves a stimulus and response is known as a __________.

Answer 4

feedback system

Question 5

What are the two main types of feedback in control systems?

Answer 5

Positive feedback and negative feedback.

Question 6

Which type of feedback amplifies a response?

Answer 6

Positive feedback.

Question 7

What is the role of receptors in a control system?

Answer 7

Receptors detect changes in the environment (stimuli).

Question 8

What is the function of effectors in a control system?

Answer 8

Effectors carry out the response to a stimulus.

Question 9

Give an example of a stimulus and response in plants.

Answer 9

A plant bending towards light (stimulus) is a response to the light source.

Question 10

What is homeostasis?

Answer 10

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

Question 11

What is the importance of feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?

Answer 11

Feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis by regulating physiological processes.

Question 12

True or False: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in humans?

Answer 13

Regulation of body temperature.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: In a feedback system, the __________ monitors the changes in the environment.

Answer 14

receptor

Question 15

What do you call the process through which organisms respond to changes in their environment?

Answer 15

Stimulus-response mechanism.

Question 16

What is the term for the pathway that transmits signals from receptors to effectors?

Answer 16

Nervous system or signaling pathway.

Question 17

True or False: Only animals have control systems that involve stimulus and response.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is an example of a positive feedback loop in mammals?

Answer 18

The process of childbirth.

Question 19

What are the four main components of a control system?

Answer 19

Stimulus, receptor, control center, and effector.

Question 20

What is the role of the control center in a feedback system?

Answer 20

The control center processes the information received from receptors and determines the response.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for executing the response in a feedback system.

Answer 21

effector

Question 22

What is the difference between an external stimulus and an internal stimulus?

Answer 22

An external stimulus comes from outside the organism, while an internal stimulus originates from within the organism.

Question 23

True or False: All responses are voluntary.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is an involuntary response?

Answer 24

A response that occurs without conscious control, such as reflex actions.

Question 25

Name one way that animals can perceive external stimuli.

Answer 25

Through sensory organs such as eyes, ears, or skin.

Question 26

What type of control system is used to regulate blood glucose levels?

Answer 26

Negative feedback control system.

Question 27

What happens when blood glucose levels rise?

Answer 27

The pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose levels.

Question 28

What is the role of insulin in glucose regulation?

Answer 28

Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood sugar levels.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus.

Answer 29

reflex action

Question 30

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 30

The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action.

Question 31

True or False: Reflex actions involve the brain.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is the primary purpose of a reflex action?

Answer 32

To protect the body from harm by allowing for quick reactions to stimuli.

Question 33

What is an example of a reflex action?

Answer 33

The knee-jerk reflex.

Question 34

What are the three main types of neurons involved in a reflex arc?

Answer 34

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: __________ are specialized cells that detect stimuli.

Answer 35

Receptors

Question 36

What type of feedback is involved in the clotting of blood?

Answer 36

Positive feedback.

Question 37

What is the role of platelets in blood clotting?

Answer 37

Platelets aggregate and release chemicals that attract more platelets to the site of injury.

Question 38

True or False: Feedback systems can only be negative.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

What is an example of a physiological process that uses negative feedback?

Answer 39

Regulation of thyroid hormone levels.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The __________ system controls voluntary responses to stimuli.

Answer 40

somatic

Question 41

What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Answer 41

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions.

Question 42

True or False: The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 43

It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Question 44

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 44

It conserves energy and restores the body to a state of calm.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The __________ nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of body functions.

Answer 45

autonomic

Question 46

What is an example of a stimulus that can trigger a physiological response?

Answer 46

Temperature change.

Question 47

What is the term for a change in an organism's internal environment?

Answer 47

Internal stimulus.

Question 48

True or False: All responses to stimuli are immediate.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

What is the term for a delayed response to a stimulus?

Answer 49

Reflex delay.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: __________ are chemical messengers that can initiate a response in target cells.

Answer 50

Hormones

Question 51

What is the role of hormones in control systems?

Answer 51

Hormones regulate various physiological processes and responses.

Question 52

What is the main function of the endocrine system in relation to control systems?

Answer 52

To secrete hormones that regulate physiological functions.

Question 53

True or False: Hormonal responses are usually slower than neural responses.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What is an example of a hormone involved in stress response?

Answer 54

Adrenaline.

Question 55

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center for the endocrine system.

Answer 55

hypothalamus

Question 56

What is the role of the hypothalamus in homeostasis?

Answer 56

It regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Question 57

What type of receptor detects changes in temperature?

Answer 57

Thermoreceptors.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: __________ detect changes in light intensity.

Answer 58

Photoreceptors

Question 59

What is the role of chemoreceptors?

Answer 59

Chemoreceptors detect changes in chemical concentrations, such as pH or gas levels.

Question 60

True or False: The response to a stimulus can be affected by the organism's prior experiences.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

What is an example of learned behavior in response to a stimulus?

Answer 61

Conditioned reflexes.

Question 62

What is the difference between innate and learned responses?

Answer 62

Innate responses are genetically programmed, while learned responses are acquired through experience.

Question 63

Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for the ability to respond to stimuli.

Answer 63

Responsiveness

Question 64

What is the significance of responsiveness in survival?

Answer 64

It allows organisms to react to threats and changes in their environment, enhancing survival chances.

Question 65

What is an example of a stimulus that may not elicit a response in all organisms?

Answer 65

A loud noise may startle some animals but not others.

Question 66

True or False: Responses can be both physiological and behavioral.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

What is the role of the nervous system in response to stimuli?

Answer 67

To quickly transmit signals and coordinate rapid responses.

Question 68

Fill in the blank: __________ is a type of response that involves movement towards or away from a stimulus.

Answer 68

Taxis

Question 69

What is the term for a non-directional response to a stimulus?

Answer 69

Kinesis.

Question 70

True or False: Kinesis results in a change in the speed of movement but not direction.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

What is a tropism?

Answer 71

A growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus.

Question 72

What is an example of a positive tropism?

Answer 72

Phototropism, where plants grow towards light.

Question 73

Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for a plant's response to gravity.

Answer 73

Gravitropism

Question 74

What is the role of auxins in plant responses?

Answer 74

Auxins are hormones that promote cell elongation and growth in response to stimuli.

Question 75

True or False: All plant responses to stimuli involve auxins.

Answer 75

False

Question 76

What is an example of a plant response to water availability?

Answer 76

Root growth towards moisture (hydrotropism).

Question 77

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which organisms adapt their responses to changes in their environment over time.

Answer 77

Evolution

Question 78

How do control systems contribute to evolution?

Answer 78

Control systems allow organisms to adapt and survive in changing environments, influencing evolutionary success.

Question 79

True or False: Control systems are only present in multicellular organisms.

Answer 79

False

Question 80

What is an example of a control system in single-celled organisms?

Answer 80

Response to chemical gradients (chemotaxis) in bacteria.

Question 81

Fill in the blank: __________ are specialized structures in neurons that receive signals from other neurons.

Answer 81

Dendrites

Question 82

What is the role of the axon in a neuron?

Answer 82

The axon transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Question 83

True or False: Synapses are the junctions between two neurons.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

What is the role of neurotransmitters in signal transmission?

Answer 84

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

Question 85

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the neuron that integrates incoming signals.

Answer 85

cell body

Question 86

What is the significance of the myelin sheath?

Answer 86

The myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses.

Question 87

True or False: Action potentials are all-or-nothing events.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

What happens during an action potential?

Answer 88

There is a rapid change in membrane potential that propagates along the axon.

Question 89

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the point at which an action potential is generated.

Answer 89

axon hillock

Question 90

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump?

Answer 90

It maintains the resting membrane potential by pumping sodium out and potassium into the neuron.

Question 91

True or False: Neurotransmitters can have excitatory or inhibitory effects on the postsynaptic neuron.

Answer 91

True

Question 92

What is the term for the period after an action potential during which a neuron cannot fire again?

Answer 92

Refractory period.