Transport In And Out Of The Cell

Question 1

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 1

To act as a barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 2

True or False: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

What are the main components of the plasma membrane?

Answer 3

Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The _______ model describes the structure of the plasma membrane.

Answer 4

Fluid mosaic.

Question 5

What is diffusion?

Answer 5

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 6

Which type of transport does not require energy?

Answer 6

Passive transport.

Question 7

What is osmosis?

Answer 7

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 8

True or False: Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 9

The process of passive transport of molecules across the plasma membrane via specific transmembrane proteins.

Question 10

What role do channel proteins play in transport?

Answer 10

They provide passageways for ions and small molecules to cross the membrane.

Question 11

Define active transport.

Answer 11

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Question 12

What is endocytosis?

Answer 12

The process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment.

Question 13

What is exocytosis?

Answer 13

The process by which cells release substances to the external environment.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The sodium-potassium pump is an example of _______ transport.

Answer 14

Active.

Question 15

What is the main purpose of the sodium-potassium pump?

Answer 15

To maintain the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.

Question 16

True or False: Concentration gradient refers to the difference in concentration of a substance across a space.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 17

A solution with a higher solute concentration compared to another solution.

Question 18

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 18

The cell swells as water enters due to osmosis.

Question 19

Define isotonic solution.

Answer 19

A solution with the same solute concentration as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water.

Question 20

What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Answer 20

To provide stability and fluidity to the membrane.

Question 21

True or False: Carrier proteins change shape to transport substances across the membrane.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

What is the function of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Answer 22

To serve as recognition sites for cell signaling and communication.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The process by which a cell engulfs large particles is called _______.

Answer 23

Phagocytosis.

Question 24

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 24

The process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.

Question 25

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Answer 25

Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport does.

Question 26

Define osmoregulation.

Answer 26

The process by which organisms regulate the water and solute concentrations in their bodies.

Question 27

What role do aquaporins play in cells?

Answer 27

They facilitate the rapid transport of water across the plasma membrane.

Question 28

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 28

To provide structure and support, and to protect the cell.

Question 29

True or False: Animal cells have a rigid cell wall.

Answer 29

False.

Question 30

What effect does a hypotonic solution have on plant cells?

Answer 30

It causes them to become turgid due to water uptake.

Question 31

What is plasmolysis?

Answer 31

The process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall.

Question 32

What is the role of the cytoskeleton in transport?

Answer 32

To provide structural support and facilitate the movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell.

Question 33

Define receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Answer 33

A process in which cells internalize specific molecules based on their binding to receptors on the cell surface.

Question 34

What is the significance of membrane potential?

Answer 34

It is the voltage difference across a membrane, crucial for processes like nerve impulse transmission.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The _______ gradient is essential for the functioning of nerve cells.

Answer 35

Electrochemical.

Question 36

What is the function of transport proteins?

Answer 36

To assist in the movement of substances across the plasma membrane.

Question 37

True or False: Lipid-soluble molecules can easily pass through the plasma membrane.

Answer 37

True.

Question 38

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in transport?

Answer 38

To synthesize and transport proteins and lipids within the cell.

Question 39

Define bulk transport.

Answer 39

The movement of large quantities of materials into or out of a cell via vesicles.

Question 40

What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Answer 40

Phagocytosis involves the uptake of large particles, while pinocytosis involves the uptake of liquids.

Question 41

What happens to red blood cells in a saline solution?

Answer 41

They remain isotonic and maintain their shape.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The process of moving substances out of the cell is called _______.

Answer 42

Exocytosis.

Question 43

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in cellular transport?

Answer 43

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 44

True or False: Active transport can move substances against their concentration gradient.

Answer 44

True.

Question 45

What is the importance of cell signaling in transport?

Answer 45

It allows cells to respond appropriately to changes in their environment and communicate with each other.

Question 46

What is the role of endosomes in cellular transport?

Answer 46

To sort and transport materials that have been internalized by endocytosis.

Question 47

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a network of protein filaments that helps maintain cell shape and aids in transport.

Answer 47

Cytoskeleton.

Question 48

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Answer 48

To break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 49

What is the significance of receptor proteins on the cell surface?

Answer 49

They bind specific molecules (ligands) and initiate cellular responses.

Question 50

Define co-transport.

Answer 50

The simultaneous transport of two substances across a membrane in the same or opposite direction.

Question 51

What is the role of the nuclear membrane in transport?

Answer 51

To regulate the movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Question 52

True or False: All transport across the plasma membrane is mediated by proteins.

Answer 52

False.

Question 53

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 53

The difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: _______ transport requires membrane proteins to facilitate the movement of substances.

Answer 54

Facilitated.

Question 55

What is the function of transport vesicles?

Answer 55

To transport materials between different organelles and to the plasma membrane.

Question 56

What occurs during the process of depolarization in nerve cells?

Answer 56

The membrane potential becomes less negative, allowing for the transmission of nerve impulses.

Question 57

Define the term 'selective permeability'.

Answer 57

The ability of a membrane to allow certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

Question 58

What is the role of the plasma membrane in cellular communication?

Answer 58

It contains receptors that allow cells to receive signals from their environment.

Question 59

True or False: Water can diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer without assistance.

Answer 59

True, though slowly; it can also use aquaporins for faster transport.

Question 60

What are the two main types of transport mechanisms?

Answer 60

Passive transport and active transport.

Question 61

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a structure that surrounds and protects plant cells.

Answer 61

Cell wall.

Question 62

What is a hypotonic solution's effect on animal cells?

Answer 62

It causes them to swell and potentially burst due to water intake.

Question 63

What are integral proteins?

Answer 63

Proteins that are embedded within the lipid bilayer and can span across the membrane.

Question 64

What is a ligand?

Answer 64

A molecule that binds to a specific site on a receptor protein.

Question 65

Define simple diffusion.

Answer 65

The movement of small or nonpolar molecules directly through the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 66

What is the process called when a cell expels waste?

Answer 66

Exocytosis.

Question 67

True or False: Carrier proteins can only transport one type of molecule at a time.

Answer 67

False; some can transport multiple types.

Question 68

What is the significance of membrane fluidity?

Answer 68

It allows for the movement of proteins and lipids within the membrane, facilitating transport and signaling.

Question 69

Fill in the blank: The _______ protein is involved in the movement of glucose across the plasma membrane.

Answer 69

GLUT.

Question 70

What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 70

It shrinks as water exits the cell.

Question 71

Define cytosis.

Answer 71

The process of vesicle-mediated transport in and out of cells.

Question 72

What is the primary role of the mitochondria in cellular transport?

Answer 72

To produce ATP, which is used for active transport processes.

Question 73

True or False: All types of transport across the cell membrane require energy.

Answer 73

False; only active transport requires energy.

Question 74

What is the role of the plasma membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 74

It regulates the internal environment of the cell by controlling substance entry and exit.

Question 75

Fill in the blank: _______ is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of water.

Answer 75

Osmosis.

Question 76

What are peripheral proteins?

Answer 76

Proteins that are loosely attached to the outer or inner surface of the membrane.

Question 77

What is the function of signal transduction pathways?

Answer 77

To transmit signals from the outside of the cell to the inside, leading to a cellular response.

Question 78

Define exocytosis.

Answer 78

The process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Question 79

What is the function of the plasma membrane's carbohydrate layer?

Answer 79

To provide protection and aid in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 80

What is the role of the cytoplasm in transport?

Answer 80

To provide a medium for the movement of materials and organelles within the cell.

Question 81

True or False: The concentration of a substance can affect the rate of diffusion.

Answer 81

True.

Question 82

What is the process of moving large particles into the cell called?

Answer 82

Phagocytosis.

Question 83

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a network of membranes involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

Answer 83

Endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 84

What is the importance of the resting membrane potential?

Answer 84

It is crucial for the function of excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells.

Question 85

What is the role of the vesicles in endocytosis?

Answer 85

To enclose and transport materials into the cell.

Question 86

Define membrane potential.

Answer 86

The electrical potential difference across a cell membrane.

Question 87

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 87

To synthesize and process proteins that are secreted or incorporated into membranes.

Question 88

True or False: Molecules move randomly across the membrane due to kinetic energy.

Answer 88

True.

Question 89

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Answer 89

Simple diffusion does not require a protein, while facilitated diffusion does.

Question 90

Fill in the blank: The _______ maintains the internal environment of the cell through selective permeability.

Answer 90

Plasma membrane.

Question 91

What role does calcium play in cellular transport?

Answer 91

It acts as a signaling molecule and is involved in various transport processes.

Question 92

What is the effect of temperature on diffusion rates?

Answer 92

Higher temperatures increase the rate of diffusion.

Question 93

What is the significance of osmotic pressure?

Answer 93

It drives the movement of water across membranes and influences cell volume.

Question 94

Fill in the blank: _______ is the process by which cells take in nutrients and fluids.

Answer 94

Endocytosis.