Controlling the People Flashcards
(47 cards)
whats machtergreifung
seizure of power (jan 1933-jul 1934)
-used variety of methods to controll people
what did goebbels organise
organised parade of SA, SS and the street helmets
-marched through streets in berlin in military uniform
-symbolic to show strength
who did nazis target initially to control opposition
-KPD, SA and SS broke up KPD meetings and engaged in street battles, worked with police to intimidate KPD officials
-violence against KPD increased after 22 feb, SA and SS became auxiliary police officers
-SPD and Reichsbanner targeted, police protection of SPD meetings withdrawn in feb so no official forces to stop violence against SPD
What decree in 4 feb
allowed policy to imprison people for up to 3 months without trial
when did repression begin
march to july 1933
what did the reich fire decree do
suspended civil rights, people lost all civil protectionso SS and SA could attack anyone they wanted
how many left wing supporters detained in 1933
150,000 to 200,000
how many KPD members arrested by mid march
10,000, further 8000 in mid march -april in ruhr
why was the communist party banned later
terror tactics - early march terror driven them underground
when did armed SA squads occupy offices of SPD and effects
early march 1933, SPD funds and assets seized in may, SPD could no longer campaign/organise effectively
when did SS set up first camp and how was it designed
-march 1933,
-designed to hold 5000 people
-propaganda said it would deal with enemies of the state “protective custody”
how many prisoners of camp released and when
1/3 in may 1933
how did hitler justify the night of the long knives
-rohm was planning a pustch to overthrow the regime
-press drew attention to homosexuality of SA members
-persuaded people that hitler acting against immoral peoplem
how many did hitler admit to killing and arresting in night of the long knives
74 killed, 1000 arrested
how much did membership of SA decrease after night of long knives
1.6 mill at end of 1935 to 1.2 mill 3 yrs later
what did nazis do to those who criticised night of long knives
lasted 6 more weeks, were arrested and sent to camps
describe changing role of secret police
1933-36:
-SS and gestapo dealt with political opposition
1936-39:
-enforced conformity, targeted groups e.g. gay men, jehovahs witnesses, those who had relationships with jews, those who didnt fit into nazi society
1939-45:
-involved in final solution, targeted behaviour that didnt help war effort
what % of gestapo action against jews came from public
-64% of action against suspected aryans having sexual relationships with jews came from public
-15% of action came from government agents
how much did official nazi surveillance generate gestapo work
10%
what % of nazi surveillance came from reports from public denunciations
90%
how did nazis censor newspapers
-all journalists members of reich chamber of press to write newspapers, unpatriotic journalists/those who refused expelled and lose rights to publish
-goebbels made german news agency (DNB) which merged news agencies to be under nazi control
-editors law made editors responsible for content of magazines, if they allowed publishing of papers that goebbels objected to then theyd be punished
when was editors law
oct 1933
what publishing company bought existing newspapers and consequences
eher verlag, placed existing newspapers under nazi control
-proportion of government/nazi owned papers increased 2.5 % in 1933 to 82% in 1945
how much did newspaper sales drop
10% 1933-39 - new press regime didnt inspire readers
