The creation and collapse of the Weimar Republic

Question 1

when did dawes plan give loans from US

Answer 1

1924

Question 2

when did the french withdraw from the Ruhr

Answer 2

1924-25

Question 3

when did the locarno pact allow for german borders to be recognised

Answer 3

1925

Question 4

when was germany allowed to join the league of nations

Answer 4

1926

Question 5

when was the treaty of berlin with the USSR

Answer 5

1926 - improved relations

Question 6

when was the kellog briand pact

Answer 6

1928 - renounced use of force to solve disputes

Question 7

when was young plan and what was agreed

Answer 7

june 1929 - rescheduled reparations till 1988, reduced to 1850 mill (1/4 of original amount)

Question 8

what was article 48

Answer 8

gave president power to rule by decree

Question 9

how many times did ebert use article 48

Answer 9

136 times, used it to defeat threats from the left

Question 10

what was the ebert groener pact and why did groener agree

Answer 10

-ebert reached a deal with army chief groener, they would defend the republic from the left
-groener didnt support democracy but supported the deal because: wanted to end communist threat, ebert promised independence of the army

Question 11

how much of the vote did pro weimar parties get in 1919 elections

Answer 11

jan 1919: pro-weimar parties had 76.2% of the vote

Question 12

how much did nazi vote change in 1932 elections

Answer 12

1928-2.6%
1932-33%

Question 13

what did the nazis promise to working class to get their support

Answer 13

“work and bread”

Question 14

what were effects of wall street crash/great depression

Answer 14

-slump in trade: exports fell by 55%
-mass unemployment: 1929 was 1.8 mill, 1932 was 6 mill
-industrial production declined by 42%
-agriculture prices fell 62%
-5 banks collapsed in 1931, 50,000 businesses bankrupt

Question 15

when was the wall street crash

Answer 15

oct 1929

Question 16

when was collapse of muller’s grand coalition

Answer 16

march 1930

Question 17

what was nazi membership in dec 1929

Answer 17

130,000

Question 18

how did the nazis grow their support

Answer 18

-directed propaganda at middle/lower class
-attracted new voters (electorate grew 1.8 mill as there was a new generation, turn out increased to 82%)

Question 19

what was the ratio of presidential decree laws and reichstag laws

Answer 19

1930 - 5 laws made under presidential decree, 98 laws under reichstag
1932 - 66 laws made under presidential decree, 5 laws made under reichstag

-shows growth of authoritarianism
-democracy no longer had power

Question 20

what happened in june 1931

Answer 20

major bank Danat collapsed, caused more fear of financial crisis

Question 21

what were brunings main aims to solve depressions

Answer 21

(used presidential decree)
-balance the budget
-prevent inflation
-get rid of reparations
-cut spending on benefits and raised taxes (caused opposition and higher support for extremists)

Question 22

how many died from street violence in july 1932

Answer 22

86

Question 23

what percentage voted for pro-democracy in 1932 elections

Answer 23

39.5% voted pro-democratic, 51.6% voted anti-democratic
-democracy was crashing

Question 24

what were the main weaknesses of weimar

Answer 24

hostility of elites - wanted authoritarian government
ongoing economic problems - affected all levels of society, failed to prevent
limited base of popular support

Question 25

when did prince max of baden announce the kaiser would abdicate

Answer 25

9 nov 1918

Question 26

why were ppl initially sus of democracy

Answer 26

-didnt like how it gave power to uneducated people e.g. women, who had little understanding of politics -gave power to poor who had interest in taking away the wealth of the rich -was based on elections which was weak and indecisive compared to dictatorships

Question 27

why did stab in the back myth come about

Answer 27

-german propaganda promised victory -was widely known that germany occupied french territory, thought they still had a chance -popular militarism meant germans had faith in the strength of their army

Question 28

when was spartacist uprising

Answer 28

jan 1919

Question 29

when was kapp putsch

Answer 29

march 1920

Question 30

when was ruhr uprising

Answer 30

march 1920

Question 31

when was munich putsch

Answer 31

nov 1923

Question 32

when was revolution from above

Answer 32

sept 1918

Question 33

how many died of starvation/hypothermia in 1918

Answer 33

293,000

Question 34

what are key features of weimar constitution

Answer 34

-universal suffrage -president elected every 7 years -president appointed chancellor -chancellor work with elected representatives to pass laws -proportional representation -people could pass laws directly through plebicites

Question 35

what are liberal elements of constitution

Answer 35

-civil rights e.g. freedom of speech, freedom of assembly

Question 36

what are socialist elements of constitution

Answer 36

-guaranteed workers right to work/right ot welfare if no work available

Question 37

what are authoritarian elements of constitution

Answer 37

-article 48 allowed president to use extensive emergency powers, could bypass laws from the reichstag, rule by decree

Question 38

why were people concerned about democracy

Answer 38

-gave power to uneducated people e.g. women who had no understanding of politics -gave power to poor who had interest in taking away wealth of rich -based on elections and discussion so was weak and indecisive compared to authoritarian rule

Question 39

what was popular militarism

Answer 39

-respect for the army because they an effective organisation in protecting interests on nation

Question 40

why did stab in the back myth come about

Answer 40

-propaganda promised victory -was widely known that germany had occupation of french territory -popular militarism, had faith in army and thought theyd never surrender

Question 41

what was the view towards jews in weimar

Answer 41

-german antisemites blamed jews for spreading plague, poisoning german children and corrupting german culture

Question 42

what was racism related to

Answer 42

antidemocratic ideas - social darwinism, thought democracy was unnatural as gave rights to unequal people -wished for a secret kaiser to cleanse germany of impure races

Question 43

who campaigned for racist laws and persecution

Answer 43

-racial hygiene society -politicians e.g. karl lueger who was antisemitic mayor of vienna

Question 44

whos an example of a political assassination

Answer 44

walter rathenau

Question 45

what was politicians who signed the TOV called

Answer 45

november criminals

Question 46

what were effects of political divisions

Answer 46

-SPD had own magazines, bars ect. -political divisions enforced by social divisions -made it even harder for a single party to win majority as proportional representation

Question 47

describe ethnic divisions

Answer 47

-slavic, polish and french minorities -since 1871 followed policy of germanisation, illegal for schools to teach polish or french as first languages -encouraged ethnic germans to buy land in largely minority areas to extend german domination -most believed minorities should be treated as second class citizens