Educational and Cultural development Flashcards
(25 cards)
what did weimar decide education system should do
- Moral education
- Civil responsibility
- Personal development
- Vocational training
-Desire to seek reconciliation with other nations
basic description of the weimar school system
-Elementary schools from age 6-9
-Secondary schools from age 9-14
-Made all elementary education equal and got rid of schools that chose pupils from ability or religion in the School Law of 1920
describe the gymnasium in weimar
-The most prestigious of the secondary schools.
-Often required fees and were very private.
-Latin, history, and focused on student discipline. -Preferred by university for students.
describe the real gymnasium in weimar
Designed to integrate aspects of gymnasium into subjects that reflected the needs of the modern world. Latin but not Greek as well as science, maths, foreign languages.
describe the oberrealschule
Focused on science and maths and modern languages.
describe aufbauschule in weimar
new kind of school designed to offer gymnasium style education to poor children who were academically gifted but couldn’t afford fees.
-shows that weimar aimed to bridge gaps in social class
what system did weimar introduce to bridge gap between social classes
inspection system - ensured private schools run similar to state schools, churches only controlled private not state schools
describe the politics of education in weimar
More democratic education worried wealthy parents that they would lose their traditional privileges. Felt it was anti-Christian. Contributed to disillusionment with the Weimar Republic.
who was a famous protester for equality in education and what did he say
Rudolf Steiner - argued that schools should be separate to the government and churches and businesses. Claimed church schools served purposes of the church, state for the state and focusing on science or maths served businesses.
what did Steiner develop for a new type of schooling
- Rejected hierarchy. Teacher students should enjoy a moral and equal relationship.
- Emphasised whole body learning. Believed they focused on the mind too much. Further use of music and pictures in learning.
what was the aim for nazi education
-Designed to produce ‘uniformity of attitude’ and ‘objective racial purity’.
-to indoctrinate children to believe nazism
when did teachers have to be part of nazi teachers league
from 1933
how many teachers purged in 1933
20% - jewish and politically incorrect teachers targeted
why were female headteachers sacked in nazi period
“only men could ensure strong leadership”
who was appointed minister for science, education and national culture
Dr bernard rust - previously was a teacher but was sacked for molestation of a pupil and decisively stupid.
what were adolf hitler schools
enrolling mostly working and lower middle class children who passed academic, physical and racial tests (130 years of ‘purity’) - 11 boarding schools teaching Nazi Ideology.
describe the NAPOLAS
to educate the future SS leadership, recruiting largely from middle class, similar to traditional military academy, same sort of tests as Adolf Hitler schools
how many NAPOLAS were there
39 - only 3 educated women
describe the curriculum under nazis
biology - emphasised dangers of racial miscengenation, benefits of eugenics, females taught how to find racially fit mate
Physics/chemistry - military application e.g. explosives
Geo - wrongs of TOV, necessity of lebensraum, european colonisation of asia/africa inevitable
History - past presented as a struglly between races, emphasised power of german history
Maths - linked to military/aircraft/explosives
PE - physically able to bear arms for men, women physically fit to bear children
what else did nazis to to indoctrinate
-banned all other textbooks
-made new nazi textbooks
-children literature changed so it conveys nazi message (robinson crusoe changed to make crusoe’s black friend his slave)
timeline of centralising control of nazis of schools
1933 - major Protestant youth groups merged with Nazi organisations.
1936 - Nazi organisations, including Catholic youth groups, were banned.
1939 - membership of Nazi organisations became compulsory for all those considered racially fit.
what percentage of young germans in the north members of nazi youth organisations compared to south
north - 80%
south - 1934 less than half
what did the 1949 basic law article 30 state
states overall responsibility for education but standardise systems, curricula and qualifications to not hamper people moving between states
