contusions prt 2 + rupture of uterus and vagina + bladder

Question 1

When a large fetus is forcibly drawn into the
maternal pelvis the lumbar nerves which pass over
the lumbosacral joint to form the anterior part of
the lumbosacral plexus may be damaged; paralysis
of the ___ or ___ nerves is a possible
result

Answer 1

gluteal or obturator

Question 2

This is particularly likely when an oversized
fetus becomes impacted in a state of _____, the
nerves being trapped between the lumbosacral
promontory of the mother and the iliac bones of
the calf.

Answer 2

hiplock

damage to lumbosacral plexus

Question 3

seen in the mare and cow; in
the mare it has followed spontaneous birth.

Answer 3

gluteal paralysis

Question 4

recognised when the dam is found to have difficulty in rising and when she walks with ‘weakness
of the hindlimbs’

Answer 4

gluteal paralysis

Question 5

Obturator paralysis is more frequent in mares than
cows t/f

Answer 5

f-freq in cows

Question 6

legs will be splayed and the cow is
unable to rise.

Answer 6

obturator paralysis

(The obturator nerve supplies the adductor
muscles of the thigh)

Question 7

Where
there is complete and bilateral paralysis, prognosis
should be ____

Answer 7

guarded

Question 8

_______together of the hind legs with
a strap applied above each fetlock prevents excessive abduction and secondary tearing of the adductor muscles or fracture of the femoral neck during
attempts to stand.

Answer 8

hobbling

Question 9

Unless there is marked improvement
within a fortnight, recovery is likely to occur t/f

Answer 9

f - unlikely

Question 10

slings for obturatory paralysis is given to sheeps t/f

Answer 10

f - cows

Question 11

Rupture of the uterus may occur spontaneously t/f

Answer 11

t

common cause: faulty obstet technique

Question 12

Spontaneous rupture is most likely to arise
in association with or with

Answer 12

uterine torsion

cervical non dilatation

uterine distension that occurs with twins in one
horn, with hydrallantois or with excessive fetal size

Question 13

The most likely time of spontaneous rupture is in
___ gestation or during labour.

Answer 13

late

Question 14

___predisposes to rupture because the ___ of
the calf fully occupies the maternal pelvic inlet and
allows no egress for the fetal fluid when the uterine
and abdominal contractions build up the hydrostatic pressure within the uteru (Hopkins and Amor)

Answer 14

breech rpesentation, breech

Question 15

accdg to pearson and denny, 2 major predisposing factors of uterine rupture

Answer 15

uterine
torsion and fetopelvic disproportion

Question 16

e only evidence of
it is the subsequent finding of a uterine adhesion or
of a mummified fetus among the abdominal viscera or the so called

Answer 16

extrauterine pregnancy

Question 17

Alternatively, the
dam’s intestines may prolapse into the uterus and
even protrude from the vulva; the condition may
then be confused with dystocia due

Answer 17

schistosoma reflexus in visceral presentation

Question 18

Accidental rupture
of the uterus is likely to occur in the most simple
dystocia cases t/f

Answer 18

f - difficult cases

Question 19

3 immediate causes of uterine rupture IIE

Answer 19

Insufficient uterine space for the extension of a limb or head, inordinate traction on a wrongly disposed or oversized
fetus
excessively vigorous retropulsion

Question 20

other causes of uterine rupture

Answer 20

cervix is incompletely dilated, traction on the fetus
may cause rupture of that organ.

Careless use of the
obstetric forceps in the bitch

external violence as, for example, when the parturient dam falls heavily or receives a severe kick or
horn-gore on its abdomen

Question 21

the obstetrician must decide to consider these two things after an initial examination of the genital tract in dystocia cases

Answer 21

whether to
proceed with the delivery per vaginam or whether
to perform laparotomy, extract the fetus and repair
the uterine rupture from the laparotomy site

Question 22

small dorsal rupture is discovered
and the amount of obstetric interference still
required is small. is laparotomy indicated? yes or no

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

Spontaneous rupture of the vaginal wall in late
pregnant ewes was first described by White (1961), commonly assocuated with

Answer 23

cervical vaginal
prolapse (CVP)

Question 24

Small intestine passes into the vagina and protrudes from the vulva; frequently the ewe will be
found dead, presumably from shock.

Answer 24

sponty rupture

Question 25

2 ways to address uterine rupture

Answer 25

CS and repair of tear

Question 26

y follow a rupture in the floor of the vagina or eversion through the dilated urethra (Brunsdon, 1961) and may occur during or after parturition

Answer 26

bladder prolapse

Question 27

The kink that forms in the urethra prevents ______; thus the organ progressively distends with urine

Answer 27

micturition

Question 28

eversion of the bladder most likely occurs in what animal? and rare in what animal?

Answer 28

mare cow

Question 29

The organ becomes everted during l______ and may be injured during fetal ___. I

Answer 29

labor expulsion

Question 30

everted bladder shape

Answer 30

pear shaped

Question 31

most likely in fat heifers of beef breeds and is a sequel to a rupture of the vagina, often a small one

Answer 31

perivaginal fat prolapse

Question 32

procedures that need epidural anesth

Answer 32

prolapse of bladder eversion of bladder rectum prolapse perineal laceration (caudal epi)

Question 33

severe rectal prolapse commn in what animal

Answer 33

mare

Question 34

When the prolapse has been present for some hours, organ has become markedly oedematous and contused or torn, may be difficult or impossible to replace it and maintain it in position, what should you perform if this happens?

Answer 34

Submucous resection under epidural anaesthesia, or under a general anaesthetic, must then be carried out

Question 35

In the mare, parturient prolapse of the rectum, no matter how transient, may prove fatal because stretching or tearing of the colic mesentery can result in infarction of the terminal colon (Figure 18.9). The affected segment of bowel becomes atonic, defaecation stops and the mare’s condition deteriorates insidiously during the next few days t/f

Answer 35

t

Question 36

a troublesome complication of puerperal metritis. It is essentially an equine condition, but the other farm animals are occasionally affected sequel to what in mares?

Answer 36

PUERPERAL LAMINITIS retained placenta

Question 37

after foaling the typical stance of this condition is seen, the hind legs being placed well forward to ease the weight on the more severely affected forefeet

Answer 37

laminits

Question 38

In one type, recumbency is associated with

Answer 38

starvation

Question 39

how to address recumbency (nutritional0

Answer 39

Premature induction of calving with corticosteroids elective caesarean operation euthanasia dietary supplemnation

Question 40

Affected animals are in good bodily condition and are usually pregnant with twins

Answer 40

syndrome that appears to be identical to pregnancy toxaemia of ewes

Question 41

what are the signs in this 2nd tyoe of recumbency?

Answer 41

sluggish, appetite is poor and ketosis, sometimes accompanied by icterus, is present

Question 42

Cases which have been unsuccessfully treated therapeutically have shown marked

Answer 42

fatty infiltration of the liver (cause: The cause may be due to an excess of concentrated food in early pregnancy and to a deficient diet in late gestatio)

Question 43

e chief cause of recumbency in parturient and puerperal cows,

Answer 43

Hypocalcaemia

Question 44

recumbency signs; hypocalcemia

Answer 44

fetid vulval discharge and diarrhoea straining is frequent expiratory grunt; the pulse is frequent but the temperature, although at first raised, may be falling in a case of advanced toxaemia and is therefore unreliable

Question 45

should verify the suspicion of metritis as a cause of recumbency.

Answer 45

vaginal and uterine examination

Question 46

Other severe toxaemias that may cause parturient recumbency

Answer 46

e acute mastitis, traumatic pericarditis and peritonitis associated with uterine rupture

Question 47

True hypocalcaemia occurs occasionally in sows, but the most likely cause of postparturient recumbency is toxaemia due to

Answer 47

metritis and mastitis

Question 48

____one of the symptoms of toxaemia and hypocalcaemia; it sometimes results from lack of the_____

Answer 48

Failure of milk secretion ‘letdown stimulus’.

Question 49

agalactia in cows is a syndrome not a symptom t/f

Answer 49

f - symptom onlye!

Question 50

due to muscular weakness or to lesions of the locomotor system

Answer 50

Physical inability to rise

Question 51

Locomotor lesions that may occur during labour and cause recumbency include dfrp

Answer 51

dislocations of the hip and of the sacroiliac joints, fracture of the pelvis, femur or vertebral column, rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle and paralysis of the obturator or gluteal nerves

Question 52

The examination includes the humane manipulation of the hindlimbs with the help of an assistant to determine the presence of excessive mobility or _______; it is combined with a rectal examination of the pelvic bones

Answer 52

crepitus

Question 53

Regional absence of peripheral sensation may verify nerve paralysis, including _____associated with vertebral fracture

Answer 53

paraplegia

Question 54

recumbency cases that appear normal in every way.brief application of the ______ causes a determined attempt to rise

Answer 54

electric goad

Question 55

Where no cause of recumbency can be found in an animal that appears normal in other respects, tissue swelling, ____ or ____ in the vicinity of nerves is possible

Answer 55

oedema or haemorrhage

Question 56

Experience in cattle practice shows that if a cow is still unable to rise after being recumbent for a week, the prognosis is ____

Answer 56

grave

Question 57

The best contribution that can be made to a recovery is the provision of first-class nursing

Answer 57

ample, soft, clean bedding which overlies a dry floor and which is frequently changed. The patient is turned from side to side as often as possible, with concurrent massage of the limb muscles. Meanwhile close veterinary attention is paid to the health of the cow’s uterus and udder

Question 58

possible sequel to uterine manipulation for dystocia, retention of the afterbirth or prolapse of the uterus. It is most likely to be seen in mares 1–4 weeks after foaling.

Answer 58

Puerperal tetanus