DYSTOCIA pt.2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
in failure of vaginal dilatation, you see an abscess. what do you do?
large tumors?
identify and drain pre-partum
surgical excision (debulking) pre-
partum
in failure of vaginal dilatation, you see a vaginal hematoma. what do you do?
Vaginal Cystocoele?
CS
Push back legs of fetus first and replace bladder 1st
If the bladder prolapsed to the urethra, easier? = aspirate the contents of the UB;
if the UB prolapsed through a vaginal rupture = may widen during parturition or may contribute to failure of expulsive forces
UB prolapses to the urethra or rupture in the vagina
Can occur during labor because of the forces
but there are also cases where there is irritation of the UB (cattle with mycotoxicosis → prolapsed bladder) = can occur prior to parturition
episiosotomy Should be in 2 o’clock or 11 o’clock position to avoid tearing into rectal sphincter
t/f
Don’t do at the 12 o’clock: If enlarges → go to the rectum → _____ (diff to repair)
f - 1
rectovaginal fistula
in forced extraction, the animal should be standing up, pulling the fetus upwards t/f
f
if animal is lying down: not allowing gravity to exert its effect, easier to pull out the fetus
the fetus is dead if stage 1 labour is not initiated. t/f
Lack of fetal movements (LA); X-ray (SA)
XRAY: air around the fetus, excessive curling (c-shape), overriding of skull/cranial bones
what is your diagnosis?
t
fetal death
how do you deal with fetal death?
Forced extraction, fetotomy, or C-section
-If parts of the fetus is now visible = forced extraction; otherwise, c-section
-Fetotomy; fetotome sample; need to cut apart/dissect dead fetus
3 fetal defects
tx?
Ascites, hydrocephalus(edema), anasarca
anasarca: infection of the uterus = ventrolateral oblique approach
tx: Forced extraction, fetotomy, or C-section
Large fetus, small dam
Most common causes of dystocia
Farms: young heifers bred too early, or heifers bred to large bulls
fetal oversize
Fetal monsters; due to disproportionate mating
Two headed calf or bicephalus
what type of fetal oversize is this?
absolute
A fetus larger relative to the pelvis (feto-maternal/feto-pelvic disproportion)
Common in heifers that calve at <2 years of age
what type of fetal oversize is this?
tx: ?
relative
Forced extraction or C-section if alive
Fetotomy if fetus is dead
dams that had fetal oversize problem are still Recommend for breeding t/f
f
MALPOSTURE:
flexion at the carpal, elbow or shoulder joint
lateral, upward and downward (vertex; foot-nape;
breast-head)
hock flexion, hip flexion (breech presentation)
Anterior presentation
head deviation
Posterior presentation
causes postpartum problems
magnesium sulfate - magnesium tetany
orientation of the fetus and whether if the body of the fetus is present; normally should be_____ (AL) (head presented in relation to the pelvis of the dam
in dogs and pigs, 40% have _____
in horses, cow, sheep, goats ALWAYS AL t/f
presentation
anterior longitudinal
(malpres: lateral, transverse, vertical)
posterior
T
dorsum of fetus the one being presented/visible in the birth canal
Ventrum of fetus the one presented in the birth canal; forelimbs visible
But when dealing with twin/multiple animals: make sure both forelimbs belong to an individual fetus; possibility of having 1-2 animals getting out at the same time. what is this called?
Dorso Transverse
Ventro-Transverse
(simultaneous presentation)
normal position
malposition
orientation of the dorsum of the fetus in relation to the pelvis of the dam
should be closest to the _____of the dam
dorsosacral
dorsoiliac, dorsopubic, oblique
position
sacrum
normal posture
Position of the limbs of the fetus or the neck / head of the fetus; whether extended or flexed
Normal in large animals: to exit properly, should be extended limb posture large animals
Small animals: small fetus; can still come out even if flexed posture
posture
malpresentations usually seen in foals. also called “dog sitting”
in simultaneous presentation in sheep and goats, CS is always recommended due to their small b. canal t/f
vrntro-vertical
t
Dorso of fetus closest to the pubic bone of the dam
Dorsum closest to the ileum of the dam
Left or right classification
Dorso pubic
Dorso ilial
Neck of the foal is flexed to the left side
- Top of the head presented
Further bending of the ventral flexion of neck
Long neck of horse can flex further inward downwards
Lateral deviation
vertex
nape
Breast head
abnormal head postures are more common than limb postires t/f
Quite.common
Knee of calf (carpus) is flexed
Retracted elbow
Partially extended; forces push the fetus forward before the limbs can properly extend
f - more common ang limbs
Carpal.flexion
elbow flexion
Pull it up first (carpal flexion posture)
Then correct the carpal flexion posture by pushing and then grabbing the carpus, push the fetus back (for space), then take the limb upwards so that hoof goes underneath the body
Usually attached to a chain to make it easier
shoulder flexion
Both limbs in carpal flexion, shoulder flexion
Both forelimbs in elbow flexion
dorsopubic presentation; breech presentation; very common in humans
f you need to convert to anterior longi position, do retropropulsion _; easier to do if you flank the uterus with oil (cooking oil)
head only presentation
Hip flexion
Hock flexion
how many gallons of mineral oil is needed?
2
