Postparturient prolapse of the uterus

Question 1

common complication
of the third stage of labour in the cow and the
ewe.

fetal cotyledons have separated from the
maternal caruncles.

Answer 1

Prolapse of the uterus

Question 2

prolapse of the uterus occurs less frequently in the cow and is rare in the mare and bitch t/f

Answer 2

f - less freq sow

Question 3

e prolapse is generally a complete inversion of the gravid cornu

inversion is generally partial and comprises
one horn only

prolapse are generally partial only

Answer 3

ruminants

sow and the
bitch

mare

Question 4

prolapse in cow: The occurrence seems to be affected by seasonal
as well as regional factors, t/f

____ (of the dairy breeds) are more
often involved than are heifers

Answer 4

t

multigravida

Question 5

. In the majority of
instances the prolapse occurs within a few days
of an otherwise normal second-stage labour,
although in some it may be delayed several days t/f

r. Ocassionaly, where delivery is achieved by heavy
traction, the uterus prolapses immediately after
the calf is withdrawn. t/f

Answer 5

0f - few hours

f - rarely

Question 6

The only conceivable force
that could lift the heavy uterus out of the abdomen
into the pelvis and thence propel it to the exterior

probable additional
forces:

Answer 6

abdominal straining

Gravity, traction

Question 7

Straining occurs normally during the third
stage and is synchronous with the continuing peristaltic contractions of the uterus which occur every

Answer 7

3 and a half - 4 minutes

Question 8

particularly apt clinical
observation that many cases of uterine prolapse
show a simultaneous hypocalcaemia or ___
which is known to be conducive to uterine _____.

Answer 8

milk fever

inerta

Question 9

The authors believe, therefore, that uterine inversion and prolapse are associated with the onset of
uterine inertia during the third stage when a
portion of detached afterbirth occupies the birth
canal and protrudes from the vulva t/f

Answer 9

t

Question 10

reater frequency of prolapse in heifers than cows,
in beef rather than dairy cows and in closely confined and highly fed cows rather than those at
range t/f

Answer 10

f - cows than heifers, dairy than beef

Question 11

Vandeplassche and Spincemaille (1963) are
of the opinion that the pregnant horn does not
undergo a progressive inversion from its anterior
extremity; only the _____ invert. The
actual protrusion of this portion can occur very
quickly in one bout of straining

Answer 11

posterior 2/3

Question 12

In Australia, uterine prolapse is a feature
of the disease seen in sheep grazed on ___ pastures containing oestrogenic substances

Answer 12

clover

Question 13

signs of uterine prolapse in cows

Answer 13

recumbent, and if in
lateral recumbency rumenal tympany will be
prominent, but occasionally the cow is standing
with the everted organ hanging down almost to its
hocks

Question 14

professional assistance is forthcoming within an hour or two of its occurrence, the
prognosis is

Answer 14

good

Question 15

Patterson
et al. (1979) reported that 65% of cows became
pregnant after uterine prolapse t/f

Answer 15

f - 40 only

Question 16

post-mortem examination in such cases it is
found that death was due to internal haemorrhage
consequent on the weight of the everted organ
having torn the ____ and the _____
artery

Answer 16

mesovarium and ovarian

Question 17

tx procedures for uterine prolapse

wrap the prolapsed viscus in a large
towel or other suitable material to prevent further
contamination if, as is likely, the cow is recumbent; if she is standing, the organ should be supported by a large towel or sheet held by people on
either side, until professional assistance is forthcoming

Answer 17

Replacement of the everted organ.
Amputation of the everted organ.

Question 18

It is good practice to give a preliminary
injection of _____ (as for milk
fever) and to relieve r____, if present,
by passing a stomach tube

Answer 18

cbg, rumenal tympany

Question 19

The
cow is placed in ____ recumbency with both
hind legs pulled out behind her (weight therefore
being taken on her stifles).The assistant sits astride
the cow, facing the rear, and holds the cow’s tail up
vertically. This manoeuvre causes the slope of the
vulva to be upwards. The veterinary surgeon kneels
between the cow’s hocks and supports the weight
of the prolapsed organ on his or her thighs, prior
to replacement

Answer 19

sternal

Question 20

give epi anesth? yes or no

wash the everted organ with

Answer 20

yes (helps prevent straining esp if with xylazine)

normal saline soln
(If the fetal
membranes are already partially detached and
their complete removal can be carried out easily
and without injury to the caruncles, this should be
done. But when attachment is complete or when
attempts at detachment are associated with haemorrhage, it is better that the organ be replaced
with the membranes still adherent. The subsequent management of the retained fetal membranes should be on the principles outlined on)

Question 21

The prolapsed organ should be palpated in
order to detect the possible presence within it of a
distended urinary bladder; if such is the case, it
should be relieved by the use of a _____

Answer 21

catheter

Question 22

When this has been accomplished, the cervix
should lie unoccupied at the level of the ____, and if the whole uterus has passed the
cervix it will promptly regain its normal position.

Answer 22

pelvic brim

Question 23

To ensure complete replacement of the uterus,
_____ litres of clean warm water are delivered into
the uterus by gravity feed and immediately
removed by siphonage,

To help
restore uterine tone, and thus to prevent recurrence of the prolapse, ____ should be given plus?

Answer 23

9-14

oxytocin
CBG, parenteral antibiotics

Question 24

a last resort in those
cases in which the uterus has undergone such severe
changes The prognosis is grave, and it is doubtful if it can be justified on welfare ground

Answer 24

Amputation of the everted organ

Question 25

it is preferable to leave them, the caruncles to the cotykedons, attached and return them with the uterus in ewe t/f caudal epidural anaesthesia should also be given t/f Anaerobic infection should be anticipated and prophylactic antibiotic used t/f

Answer 25

t t t

Question 26

The disorder is relatively uncommon in this species . It is likely to be related to the expulsion of the fetal membranes which tend to separate from the endometrium much more readily in the uterine body but seem to be more firmly attached at the horns, particularly the

Answer 26

mare tip

Question 27

The continual uterine contractions, and the subsequent straining as the mass of the fetal membranes enter the pelvis, cause the whole of the uterus to be inverted and prolapsed t/f

Answer 27

t

Question 28

This is the reason why, before repairing the uterine incision during a caesarian operation, the ____ should be separated from the endometrium for some distanc

Answer 28

allantochorion

Question 29

Therefore, it is suggested that in spontaneous cases of uterine prolapse in mares are This is also why the use of an ______ is the preferred method of treating retained fetal membranes

Answer 29

weight of those portions of fetal membranes that are dependent from the vulva and the traction which it exerts on the uterus during the passage of a peristaltic wave along that organ oxytocin drip

Question 30

mares need to be under

Answer 30

caudal epi, or general, hindquarters raised if fractious

Question 31

Before replacement, an attempt should be made to remove the fetal membrane but only if the allantochorion can be readily separated from the endometrium without causing haemorrhage; if this is excessive then as much as possible should be cut away before replacement. If the replacement is made under caudal epidural anaesthesia with the mare standing it is helpful to have assistants support the everted organ; as well as providing physical assistance, it also counteracts the effects of passive venous congestion

Answer 31

uhuh

Question 32

in mares, The uterus should be replaced starting at the part adjacent to the vulva as described in the cow. The technique is easier than in the cow because of the absence of the _____;

Answer 32

carucnles

Question 33

in mares, Vulval sutures should be used. t/f anti inflam given as there is high risk of

Answer 33

f - never! laminits

Question 34

unable to tolerate uterine prolapse, unless the uterus is replaced easily and quickly; simple most extreme

Answer 34

sow (due to fatal hemorrhage and shock) one horn both horn

Question 35

the sow should be under caudal epi as well t/f If the uterus is traumatised, then _____ is preferable, particularly in commercial pig units because there will be a delay before she can be served by the boar and become pregnant.

Answer 35

f - general euthanasia

Question 36

An alternative procedure which merits a trial is to ____the uterus back into the abdomen with the aid of water pressure. The sow is placed on her side, head downwards, on a slope and the end of a soft tube of rubber or plastic, of ____ diameter and ____ long, is gently passed into the stoma of the prolapsed viscus and eased along as far as possible.

Answer 36

float 2cm x 1.5m long By this means the whole uterus is not only returned but completely replaced without manipulation

Question 37

In the case of non-commercial pet sows, replacement can be attempted under general anaesthesia via a _____ as described below for the bitch

Answer 37

laparotomy

Question 38

in bitch and queens, 3 ways s more usual, however, to carry out prognosis:

Answer 38

laparotomy can be performed, and with simultaneous external manipulation and abdominal taxis replacement ‘external’ hysterectomy on the prolapsed organ. favourable after amputation favorable