General Considerations + Obstetrical Equipment

Question 1

In monotocus species, it is possible for
per vaginam delivery to occur with some slight postural abnormality T/F

Answer 1

F - poly dapat. (including sheep n goat w/ small mutiple fetuses)

Question 2

correction of posture, presentation, and position abnormalities can be achieved via _____

essential prerequisite of the answer above?

Answer 2

intrauterine manipulation of the fetus

retropulsion of the fetus

Question 3

the corrections above can be facilitated by?

Answer 3

caudal epidural anesthesia

Question 4

In cases of prolonged dystocia, where fetal fluids have been lost, sterile water can replace the lost ____

Answer 4

allantoic fluid

Question 5

nonsterile clean water can be used as substitution for lost fetal fluids. T/F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

In cows and mare __ litters is administered using a ___ and funnel

Answer 6

14L, soft rubber/plastic/stomach tube

Question 7

lubricant substitute (vaginal delibery) for ___ fluid

Answer 7

amniotic

Question 8

3 examples of lubricant subs

Answer 8

lard
water-soluble cellulose-based obstetrical lubricant
soap flakes

Question 9

obstetrician should consider 3 things: (FSE)

Answer 9

facilities are appropriate,

sufficient professional and
other help available,

equipment is adequate to carry out the treatment successfully

Question 10

In severe forms of dystocia, more especially in mares, the veterinarian should always seek the the assistance of a professional colleague and consider
whether it might be appropriate to transport the animal to somewhere with hospital facilities, provided that the animal is in a fit state to travel T/F?

Answer 10

T

Question 11

After a successful delivery, dam’s genital tract should always be examined for the presence of others; remember
that polytoccus species can have twins and rarely more. T/F?

Answer 11

F - mono sa poly

Question 12

best instruments are the clean and gentle
_____ of the obstetrician

Answer 12

hands and arms

Question 13

More complex equipment is rarely required, and the important consideration is to know when the use of such complicated instruments is indicated T/F

Answer 13

F - ocasionaly not rarely

Question 14

a dedicated
____ is also important esp. to vets making routine visits on farms

Answer 14

caesarean operation kit

Question 15

Many veterinarians find these easier to use than rope snares. Their main advantage is that they are heavier and do not move so readily when they are repositioned during intrauterine
or intravaginal manipulation

Answer 15

Moore’s obstetric chains (E) with handles (F)
- alt to snares

Question 16

effective substitute for bull rings

Answer 16

snare introducer

Question 17

These are useful when performing fetotomy to enable
traction to be applied to various fetal segments (OOHPB)

Answer 17

Obstetrical hooks include Krey–Schottler
double-jointed hooks (H),

Obermeyer’s anal hook (I),

Harms’s sharp (J) or blunt (L)

paired hooks on a fine (farrowing) chain (K),

Blanchard’s long, flexible cane hook (M).

Question 18

instruments to use when performing TRACTION (BHV)

Answer 18

block and tackle,
HK calf puller
Vink calving jack

Question 19

useful for performing subcutaneous fetotomy as well as during a caesarean operation in the cow when it is impossible to exteriorise the uterus to incise i

Answer 19

Unsworth’s fetotomy guarded knives

Question 20

also used for subcutaneous fetotomy

Answer 20

spatula

Question 21

Persson’s chain-saw is now replaced with

Answer 21

polyfilamentous fetotomy wire

Question 22

which are a cheaper alternative of protecting the dam’s genital tract than the Thygesen’s model

Answer 22

Gättli’s spiral tube

Question 23

pushing the fetus cranially
from the vagina (and the bony pelvic canal)
towards the uterus

Answer 23

retropulsion

Question 24

2 ways retropulsion can be performed

Answer 24

1. pressure with the hand on the presenting bulk of the fetus; in some cases, it is convenient for an assistant to repel the fetus while the obstetrician manipulates it
2. use of crutch

Question 25

As far as possible, the repelling force should be exerted in the intervals between____

Answer 25

bouts of straining

Question 26

may be induced to prevent the dam ‘straining’ however, it has no effect on _____which can be suppressed by the use of a spasmolytic such as ______.

Answer 26

epidural anesth myometrial contractions clenbuterol

Question 27

EXTENSION corrects positional defects T/F?

Answer 27

F = Posture dapat

Question 28

extension is carried out by applying ___ force brought through an arc of a circle to the entrance of the pelvis

Answer 28

tangential

Question 29

extension force is brought by hand or by hand grips T/F

Answer 29

F - snares or hooks dapat

Question 30

alteration of transverse or vertical to longitudinal presentation.

Answer 30

version

Question 31

application of force to the presenting parts of the fetus in order to supplement, or in some cases to replace, the maternal forces. Such force is applied by hand or through the medium of snares or hook

Answer 31

traction

Question 32

application of force to the presenting parts of the fetus in order to supplement, or in some cases to replace, the maternal forces. Such force is applied by hand or through the medium of snares or hook

Answer 32

traction

Question 33

loop is placed in the mouth and up over the poll and behind the ears or, alternatively, the centre of a single rope may be pushed up over the poll and behind both ears, leaving both ends of the rope protruding from the vagina

Answer 33

benesch method (head snares)

Question 34

limb snares are placed where?

Answer 34

fetlock

Question 35

thin rope snare are placed in the mandible of a____

Answer 35

laterally deviated head (for postural defects only, otherwise use benesch method)

Question 36

In the cow, it is felt that the well-coordinated pull of six average persons should be the limit T/F

Answer 36

F=4 only

Question 36

In the cow, it is felt that the well-coordinated pull of six average persons should be the limit T/F

Answer 36

F=4 only

Question 37

pulley blocks or calving jacks or pullers generate over 5 or 6 times the force associated with a natural calving t/f

Answer 37

T

Question 38

The most important aspect of applying effective traction is to coordinate the supplementary force with the straining effort of the dam t/f

Answer 38

t

Question 39

Cow at natural calving: tractive effort in kg

Answer 39

70

Question 40

traction by 1 person

Answer 40

75

Question 41

traction by 2 persons

Answer 41

115

Question 42

traction by 3 persons

Answer 42

155

Question 43

calving jack

Answer 43

400

Question 44

pocket pulley hooks

Answer 44

445

Question 45

tractor

Answer 45

5000+

Question 46

In the mare, the use of snares with several persons providing manual assistance is usually insufficient t/f

Answer 46

f- sufficient

Question 47

In the ewe and doe goat traction can be applied using simple fine ___ or a fixed _____

Answer 47

cord snare/plastic head snare

Question 48

In the sow, traction is nearly always applied using the hand but _____ and ____ sometimes useful

Answer 48

fine cord snare and plastic lambing snare

Question 49

in the dog and cat, other than hands, this can also be used for traction

Answer 49

whelping forceps and vectis

Question 50

Rotation is the alteration of the presentation of a fetus by moving it around its longitudinal axis t/f

Answer 50

f - position dapat NOT presentation

Question 51

Rotation is more often required in cattle than in horses T/F

Answer 51

F - horses more often required

Question 52

much more easily effected on the responsive live fetus, which may be readily rotated by digital pressure on the eyeballs, protected by the lids; this causes a convulsive reaction, and slight rotational force then completes the manoeuvre t/f

Answer 52

t

Question 53

in the case of dead fetuses fetal fluid supplements are indicated – rotational force may be exerted_____ by hands or with the use of ____

Answer 53

crossed extended limbs Cämmerer’s torsion fork or Künn’s crutch