Flashcards in Conventionally Cultured Bacteria Deck (72)
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What were the two Gram +ve aerobic cocci groups covered in class?
Staphylococcus and streptococcus
1
List 3 Major distinguishing features of Staphylococcus
1. Gram +ve
2. Cocci in clusters
3. Catalase +ve
2
What two Staphylococci species were presented?
1. S. aureus
2. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS)
3
What are two virulence factors of S. aureus?
1. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST-1)
2. Enterotoxins
4
What 7 clinical presentations is S. aureus associated with?
1. SSTI
2. Necrotizing fasciitis
3. Osteomyelitis
4. Endocarditis
5. Toxic shock syndrome
6. Cystic fibrosis pneumonia
7. Diarrhea
5
Primary pathogenicity of CNS, such as S. epidermidis?
Biofilms
6
Clinical significance of CNS (2)
1. Nosocomial bloodstream infections from IV catheters
2. Prosthetic material infections
7
3 major distinguishing features of Streptococcus species
1. Gram +ve
2. Cocci in pairs and chains
3. Catalase -ve
8
List all Streptococcus species presented in class (5)
1. Group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes)
2. Group B Streptococcus (S. agalactiae)
3. S. pneumoniae
4. S. mitis
5. Enterococci
9
What are the 2 B-hemolytic Strep species presented?
1. GAS (S. pyogenes)
2. GBS (S. agalactiae)
10
What are the 2 a-hemolytic strep species that were presented?
1. S. pneumoniae
2. S. mitis
11
What was the only non-hemolytic strep species presented?
Enterococci
12
Pathogenicity of GAS
Streptolysin O and S
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Pathogenicity of GBS
Polysaccharide capsule
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Pathogenicity of S. pneumoniae
Polysaccharide capsule
15
Pathogenicity of S. mitis
Polysaccharide capsule
16
Pathogenicity of enterococci
Surface adhesins
17
Diseases associated with GAS (4)
1. Pharyngitis
2. Necrotizing fasciitis
3. Rheumatic fever
4. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)
18
Diseases associated with GBS (2)
1. Early onset neonatal disease (pneumonia, sepsis)
2. Late onset neonatal disease (meningitis, sepsis)
19
Diseases associated with S. pneumoniae (4)
1. Community acquired pneumonia
2. Otitis media
3. Conjunctivitis
4. Meningitis
20
Diseases associated with S. mitis (2)
1. Endocarditis
2. Bacteremia
21
Diseases associated with enterococci (3)
1. UTI
2. Endocarditis
3. Nosocomial VRE
22
Aerobic Gram +ve bacilli groups presented (2)
1. Corynebacterium
2. Listeria
23
Major features of Corynebacterium (4)
1. Gram +ve
2. Rods
3. Non-branching
4. Catalase +ve
24
2 examples of Corynebacterium
1. C. diphtheriae
2. C. jeikeium
25
Pathogenicity and disease associated with C. diphtheriae
1. Diphtheria toxin
2. Diphtheria
26
C. jeikeium has unknown pathogenicity, but causes this type of infection(s)
Foreign body infections
27
5 features of Listeria
1. Gram +ve
2. Single or short chain rods
3. Non-branching
4. Motile
5. Catalase +ve
28
Pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes (1)
1. Hemolysin
29
6 problems caused by L. monocytogenes
1. Gastroenteritis
2. Meningitis
3. Encephalitis
4. Abortion
5. Stillbirth
6. Preterm labour
30
Anaerobic Gram +ve cocci genus presented (1)
Peptostreptococcus
31
3 features of Peptostreptococcus
1. Elongated cocci
2. Gram +ve
3. Non-spore forming
32
Pathogenicity of Peptostreptococcus is unknown, what is its clinical significance? (4)
1. Cutaneous
2. Respiratory
3. Oral
4. Female pelvic infections
Often mixed infections
33
Anaerobic Gram +ve bacilli (2 genus)
1. Actinomyces
2. Clostridium
34
2 features of Actinomyces
1. Gram +ve
2. Branching, filamentous bacilli
35
Actinomyces israelii has unknown pathogenicity and causes 2 things
1. Cervicofacial infections
2. Pelvic infections (IUD)
36
5 features of Clostridium spp.
1. Gram +ve
2. Box car rods = C. perfringens
3. Straight rods = C. difficile, C. tetani
4. Straight/curved rods = C. botulinum
5. Spores
37
4 Clostridium species
1. C. tetani
2. C. difficile
3. C. perfringens
4. C. botulinum
38
2 toxins made by C. perfringens
1. a - toxin
2. Enterotoxin
39
3 diseases associated with C. perfringens
1. Gas gangrene
2. Bloody diarrhea
3. Acute necrotizing GI infection
40
2 toxins and disease caused by C. difficile
1. Toxin A
2. Toxin B
3. Diarrhea
41
2 genus of aerobic Gram -ve fermenters mentioned in class
Enterobacteriaceae
Vibrio spp.
42
The group Enterobacteriaceae includes the following 4 organisms
1. E. coli
2. Enterobacter
3. Salmonella
4. Proteus
43
3 features of Enterobacteriaceae
1. Gram -ve
2. Rods
3. Oxidase -ve
44
Virulence factors of E. coli (4)
1. Endotoxin
2. Exotoxins
3. Capsule
4. Pili
45
3 infections caused by E. coli
1. Meningitis in newborns
2. UTI
3. GI infection
46
3 pathogenic factors of Enterobacter spp.
1. Exotoxins
2. Endotoxins
3. Capsules
47
3 diseases associated with Enterobacter spp.
1. UTI
2. Nosocomial infections
3. Blood infections
48
Pathogenicity of Salmonella spp. (3)
1. Adhesion proteins
2. Survival in phagocytes
3. Dissemination to other tissues
49
2 common infections associated with Salmonella spp.
1. GI infections
2. Bacteremia
50
Pathogenicity of Proteus spp. (4)
1. Exotoxins
2. Endotoxins
3. Capsules
4. Adhesion proteins
51
3 infections associated with Proteus spp.
1. UTI
2. Nosocomial infections
3. Blood infections
52
3 major features of Vibrio
1. Gram -ve
2. Rods
3. Oxidase +ve
53
Pathogenicity of V. cholerae (2)
1. Somatic O antigens
2. Exotoxins
54
Aerobic Gram -ve non-fermenters shown in class include these 2 groups
1. Moraxella
2. Pseudomonas
55
3 major features of Moraxella
1. Gram -ve
2. Diplococci
3. Oxidase +ve
56
Moraxella catarrhalis has which pathogenicity and causes what disease...
1. Uncertain, but has cell envelope adhesion factors
2. Community acquired pneumonia
57
Major features of Pseudomonas (5)
1. Gram -ve
2. Slender bacilli
3. Oxidase +ve
4. Metallic sheen
5. Grape-like odor
58
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has exotoxins and endotoxin - what infections is it associated with? (4)
1. Otitis externa
2. Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
3. Ventilator acquired pneumonia
4. UTI
59
Haemophilus and Neisseria belong to which category of pathogen we learned about?
Fastidious Gram -ve bacilli/cocci/coccobacilli
60
4 features of Haemophilus spp.
1. Gram -ve
2. Coccobacilli or short rods
3. Satellite
4. Oxidase +ve
61
2 virulence factors of Haemophilus influenzae
1. Capsule
2. Outer membrane protein
62
5 clinical presentations of H. influenzae infection
1. Meningitis
2. Epiglottitis
3. Conjunctivitis
4. Otitis media
5. Pneumonia
63
3 features of Neisseria spp.
1. Gram -ve
2. Diplococci
3. Oxidase +ve
64
Genus Neisseria includes these 2 species
1. N. meningitidis
2. N. gonorrhea
65
Pathogenicity of N. meningitidis (2)
1. Capsule
2. Outer membrane protein
66
Pathogenicity of N. gonorrhea (4)
1. Pili
2. Capsule
3. Proteases
4. Adherence proteins
67
3 clinical presentations of N. gonorrhea
1. Gonorrhea
2. Pharyngitis
3. Conjunctivitis
68
Bacteroides is a "BLANK" Gram "BLANK"
Anaerobic, negative
69
Pathogenicity of Bacteroides fragilis (3)
1. Capsule
2. Endotoxin
3. Enzymes
70
Clinical significance of Bacteroides fragilis (3)
1. Abscesses throughout body
2. Bacteremia
3. Aspiration pneumonia
71
