Lethal agents are those that result in what percent or greater death rate among casualties?
10
The first large scale use of chemical agents came during what conflict?
World war 1
What is the most widely used method of detecting liquid chemical warfare agents?
M9 paper
What chemical agent detector kit is a portable kit that detects nerve gas, mustard gas, and cyanide?
M256A1
Dependent upon threat, forces may adopt a Mission-Orientated Protective Posture (MOPP) and there are how many levels?
5
A chemical agent on the skin can be removed effectively by using what skin decontamination kit?
M291
What agents are of greatest concern as compared to all chemical agents?
Nerve
Decontamination of chemical agents on the skin within 1 minute after contamination is perhaps how many times more effective than if decontamination is delayed 5 minutes?
10
What removes the nerve agent from the enzyme acetycholinesterase within synaptic cleft (the space between the nerve cells) of the nervous System?
2- PAM CL
What is a single auto injector that has two chambers that deliver 2.1 mg of atropine and 600 mg of 2-PAM CL in a single injection?
ATNAA
What exert their primary action on the skin, producing large and painful blisters that are incapacitating
Vesicants
What are the most vulnerable part of the body to mustard gas?
Eyes
What agents basic physical actions disrupt oxygen utilization at the cellular level causing cellular suffocation?
Blood
Cyanides usually dissipate in less than how many hours?
24
What agents damage the membranes in the lungs that separate the alveolar tissue resulting in fluid from the blood, known as plasma, to leak into the alveoli and fill them with fluid?
Pulmonary
What is a colorless gas with a distinctive odor similar to that of new mown hay or freshly cut grass?
Phosgene
What are essentially local irritants that act primarily on the eyes?
Lacrimators
The initial management of a casualty contaminated by chemical agents will require removal of MOPP and decontamination with what percent hypochlorite before treatment?
0.5%
There are how many different types of biological agents used as weapons?
3
What are single called organisms capable of causing a variety of diseases in animals, plants and humans?
Bacteria
What are intracellular parasites that lack a system for their own metabolism, meaning, they require living cells in order to multiply
Viruses
With recent advances in diagnostic testing, biological agents can be detected in the field. A first line presumptive test is the hand held assay panel that can make an indication of the presence of several biological agents within how many minutes?
15
What is a disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus Anthracis
Anthrax
There are how many types of anthrax in humans?
Three
The average is from 1 to 7 days, although incubation periods of up to how many days can be possible for anthrax?
60
About what percent of untreated cases of cutaneous anthrax will result in death?
20%
Intestinal anthrax results in death in 25% to what percent of cases?
60%
What are primary treatment required for anthrax?
Antibiotics
What is an infectious disease that affects animals and humans and is caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis?
Plague
What is the most common form of plague?
Bubonic
What toxin is the most toxic substance known and is 10-15,000 times more toxic than VX Nerve agent by weight?
Botulinum
What is derived from the beans of the castor plant (ricinus communis) and can be made from the waste material left over from processing castor beans and is a potent toxin that has potential to be used as an agent of biological warfare and as a weapon of mass destruction?
Ricin
What is a serious, contagious, and sometimes fatal infectious disease caused by variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of years ago?
Smallpox
What is the severe and most common form of smallpox?
Variola major
Symptoms of smallpox infection usually appear within how many days after exposure to the virus?
10-12
If an infected person gets the smallpox vaccine within how many days after being exposed to the virus, it may lessen the severity of illness or even prevent it?
4
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) refer to a group of illnesses that are caused by how many distinct families?
4
The only approved VHF vaccine is for what?
Yellow fever
The first use of an atomic weapon during war took place during what?
World War 2
What is any device that causes the purposeful dissemination of radioactive material across an area without a nuclear detonation?
RDD
What may be defined as the spontaneous and instantaneous dissemination of the nucleus of an unstable atom with the accompanying emission of a particle, a gamma ray, or both
Radioactivity
When radiation interacts with atoms, energy is deposited, which results in what?
Ionization
What are heavy, very short range particles that are not able to penetrate clothing or human skin?
Alpha
What is a light, short range particle and is actually an ejected electron?
Beta radiation
Compared to gamma rays, neutrons can cause how many times greater damage to tissue?
20
What is used to measure a quantity of absorbed dose of radiation?
Radiation absorbed dose (RAD)
Two other units that may be used to express radiation units are roentgen equivalent man (rem) and what else?
Sievert (Sv)
What is used to perform ground radiological surveys in vehicles or in dismounted mode by individual personnel as a handheld instrument?
AN/VDR 2
What is a compact, handheld, or pocket carried, tactical device that cab measure prompt gamma/ neutron doses from a nuclear event?
AN/UDR 13
What is a multi range Radiac device that detects beta and gamma radiation!
AN/PDQ-1
What is an essential component in preventing/ reducing radiation exposure
Shielding
What is the most effective shielding material in preventing / reducing radiation exposure?
Lead
What is an acute illness caused by irradiation of the body by high dose of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time, usually a matter of minutes?
Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)
What is a medical condition caused by a long term exposure to low dose radiation?
Chronic Radiation Syndrome (CRS)
