CPR Autonomics

Question 1

What is the NT released from the preganglionic neuron?

Answer 1

acetylcholine

Question 2

What receptors are found on the postganglionic dendrites/ cell body?

Answer 2

nicotinic cholinergic receptors

Question 3

what NT is released from the post-ganglionic axon?

Answer 3

norepinephrine

Question 4

what do the cells of the target organ express for the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

alpha- or beta- adrenergic receptors

Question 5

what is activation of alpha-1 receptors on smooth muscle associated with?

Answer 5

contraction of the smooth muscle

Question 6

what is activation of the alpha-2 receptors on smooth muscle associated with?

Answer 6

relaxation/dilation

Question 7

the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system leave the CNS where?

Answer 7

at the cranial and sacral levels

Question 8

within the parasympathetic ganglia located on or near the target organs, what does the preganglionic fiber release?

Answer 8

acetylcholine

Question 9

at the synapse between the parasympathetic postganglionic fiber, what is released from the postganglionic axon?

Answer 9

acetylcholine

Question 10

what does the acetylcholine that is released from the parasympathetic postganglionic axon bind to?

Answer 10

muscarinic cholinergic receptors that are on the target organ

Question 11

where are you most likely to find nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 11

dendrites of the post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

what does the sympathetic innervation of the SA node in the heart arise from?

Answer 12

T1-T5

Question 13

what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the SA node?

Answer 13

it decreases the rate of depolarization of the pacemaker potential

Question 14

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the SA node?

Answer 14

slows the heart rate

Question 15

what is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the SA node?

Answer 15

increases the rate of depolarization of the pacemaker potential

Question 16

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the SA node?

Answer 16

increases the heart rate

Question 17

what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the AV node and the ventricular conducting pathways?

Answer 17

decreases the slope of the pacemaker potential; decrease depolarization rate during Phase 0 of the slow action potential

Question 18

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the AV node and the ventricular conducting pathways?

Answer 18

decrease conduction velocity through AV node and ventricle

Question 19

what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?

Answer 19

decrease calcium entry into the myocyte

Question 20

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?

Answer 20

decrease in atrial contractility; possible decrease in ventricular contractility

Question 21

what is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?

Answer 21

increase calcium conductance into myocytes

Question 22

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?

Answer 22

increase myocyte contractility (cardiac muscle pumps stronger)

Question 23

what is the vasculature of the kidney heavily innervated by?

Answer 23

the sympathetic nerves

Question 24

what is the blood flow to the kidney primarily dictated by?

Answer 24

the autonomic nervous system

Question 25

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 25

the nephron

Question 26

what is the role of Bowman's capsule/space aka the glomerulus?

Answer 26

it is the initial filtration to provide raw materials to make urine out of

Question 27

what is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 27

it moves everything that was filtered into the Bowman's space back to the blood via the process of reabsorption

Question 28

what is the role of the loop of Henle?

Answer 28

concentration; concentrate the interstitium

Question 29

what is the role of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Answer 29

fine tuning; uses hormones to control water and sodium

Question 30

what component of the renal artery supplies Bowman's capsule/space?

Answer 30

the afferent arteriole

Question 31

where exactly in the glomerulus does filtration occur?

Answer 31

in the glomerular capillaries

Question 32

what is the blood flow to the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 32

peritubular capillaries

Question 33

what do the peritubular capillaries arise from?

Answer 33

the efferent arteriole

Question 34

what is the blood flow to the loop of henle?

Answer 34

vasa recta

Question 35

what is the blood flow to the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Answer 35

peritubular capillaries

Question 36

What receptors are found on the kidneys?

Answer 36

alpha 1 receptors

Question 37

what does activation of the alpha 1 receptors on the kidneys cause?

Answer 37

vasoconstriction and a reduction of blood flow to the kidney and urine production

Question 38

what receptors do the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus contain?

Answer 38

beta 1 receptors

Question 39

what does activation of the beta 1 receptors on the juxtaglomerular apparatus cause?

Answer 39

increase in renin release, which leads to an increase in sodium and water reabsorption (increases blood volume)

Question 40

what is the short term effect of the sympathetic innervation of the kidney?

Answer 40

it helps to maintain blood pressure

Question 41

what is the long term effect of the sympathetic innervation of the kidney?

Answer 41

it increases blood volume to help maintain blood pressure

Question 42

What is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the AV node and ventricular conducting pathways?

Answer 42

increases the rate of depolarization during phase 0 and the pacemaker potential

Question 43

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the AV node and ventricular conducting pathways?

Answer 43

increases conduction velocity though the AV node

Question 44

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?

Answer 44

vagus nerve

Question 45

what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?

Answer 45

smooth muscle relaxation

Question 46

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?

Answer 46

vasodilation and an increase in coronary blood flow

Question 47

what receptors are responsible for the sympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?

Answer 47

alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Question 48

what is the action of the sympathetic innervation/ alpha-1 adrenergic receptors of the coronary arteries?

Answer 48

smooth muscle contraction

Question 49

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation/ alpha-1 adrenergic receptors of the coronary arteries?

Answer 49

vasoconstriction and a decrease in coronary blood flow