Cranial Nerve V, VII, and VIII Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
What nuclei are destination nuclei
A
Sensory nuclei
2
Q
What nuclei are origin nuclei
A
Motor nuclei
3
Q
What are the main functions of the trigeminal nerve (3)
A
- Facial sensation
- Muscles of mastication
- Tensor tympani muscle
4
Q
What are the main functions of the facial nerve (4)
A
- Muscles of facial expression
- Taste
- Lacrimation
- Salivation
5
Q
What are the main functions of the vestibulocochlear nerve (2)
A
- Hearing
2. Equilibrium sense
6
Q
What is the largest cranial nerve
A
Trigeminal nerve
7
Q
What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve
A
V1 Opthalmic (sensory and a little motor) V2 Maxillary (sensory) V3 Mandibular (sensory and motor)
8
Q
Where does a motor signal originate (3)
A
- Cord
- Medulla
- Pons
9
Q
What does the V1 opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for sensory function (7)
A
- Eyeball
- Lacrimal gland
- Conjunctiva
- Parts of nasal cavity
- Forehead
- Upper eyelid
- Eyebrow
10
Q
What does the V1 opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for motor function (1)
A
- A tiny bit of fibers for dilator pupillae
11
Q
What does the V2 maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for sensory function (8)
A
- Lower eyelid
- Upper lip
- Upper gums
- Upper teeth
- Cheek
- Nose
- Palate
- Part of pharynx
12
Q
What does the V3 mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for sensory function (5)
A
- Lower lip
- Lower gums
- Lower teeth
- Palate
- Anterior 2/3 tongue
13
Q
What does the V3 mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for motor function (2)
A
- Muscles of mastication
2. Tensor tympani
14
Q
Where does the V1 opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull
A
Superior orbital fissure
15
Q
Where does the V2 maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull
A
Foramen rotundum
16
Q
Where does the V3 mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull
A
Foramen ovale
17
Q
Where are most primary sensory cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve housed
A
Trigeminal ganglion
18
Q
What is another name for the trigeminal ganglion
A
Semilunar ganglion
19
Q
Where do cell bodies of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve lie in relation to the CNS
A
Outside like all somatosensory neurons
20
Q
What are the 3 destination nuclei of the trigeminal sensory nucleus
A
- Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
- Chief trigeminal sensory nucleus
- Spinal trigeminal nucleus
21
Q
What is another name for the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus
A
Main sensory nucleus
22
Q
What does the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus mediate
A
Proprioception
23
Q
What does the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus mediate
A
Discriminative touch
24
Q
What does the spinal trigeminal nucleus mediate
A
Pain and temperature
25
Where does the spinal trigeminal nucleus synapse
Caudal medulla
26
What are the proprioceptive axons in the trigeminal nerve the stretch and tendon receptors for
Muscles of mastication (makes sense since the motor function of the nerve is mastication)
27
True or False:
| The mesencephalic nucleus is a DRG that has been pushed into the CNS
True
28
What does the mesencephalic nucleus being pushed into the CNS mean
There is no synapse there
29
What is the only exception to the DRG have to be in the PNS
The mesencephalic nucleus
30
Where do the fibers traveling to the mesencephalic nucleus travel
The bypass the trigeminal nucleus and turn upwards into the mesencephalic nucleus but do not synapse
31
What do the fibers do once in the mesencephalic nucleus
The pass the cell body, leave the nucleus, and synapse in the nearby motor nucleus
32
What do the fibers that come from the mesencephalic nucleus do once they synapse with the motor nucleus
Initiate stretch reflexes for the muscles of mastication
33
What are the size of the fibers carrying info to the spinal trigeminal nucleus
Small diameter
34
What do the fibers carrying info to the spinal trigeminal nucleus do once they enter the brainstem at midpons
Turn down in the brainstem traveling down the pons to and medulla until they reach the caudal medulla
35
What do the fibers of the spinal trigeminal nucleus do once they reach the caudal medulla
They synapse and cross to the other side
36
What is the name of the tract that the descending axons of the spinal trigeminal nucleus travel in called
The spinal tract of V
37
Where do the fibers of the spinal trigeminal nucleus eventually synapse
Subnucleus caudalis of the spinal nucleus of V
38
Where does the information from the spinal trigeminal nucleus travel after it crosses
The spinothalamic tract (just like the rest of the bodies pain and temperature)
39
What other cranial nerves convey pain information from their areas to the spinal trigeminal nucleus (3)
1. Facial VII
2. Glossopharyngeal IX
3. Vagus X
40
So the spinal trigeminal nucleus receives input from what cranial nerves (4)
1. V
2. VII
3. IX
4. X
41
For most cranial nerves where are the nuclei and the nerve
Ipsilateral
42
What is the exception to the cranial nerves and their nucleus being ipsilateral
Trochlear nerve
43
For the trochlear nerve where is the nucleus and nerve
The nucleus is ipsilateral and the nerve is contralateral
44
What size fibers carry info to the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus
Large diameter fibers
45
What happens to the fibers of the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus
They synapse and then cross to the opposite side
46
Where do the fibers from the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus travel after they cross
The medial lemniscus pathway (just like the rest of the body's fine discriminative touch)
47
What does somatosensory info from the face synapse with in the thalamus
Ventroposterior medial nucleus (VPM)
48
Where do the somatosensory info go after the thalamus
All go to the primary somatosensory cortex no matter if they come from the VPL or VPM
49
What are the targets of the secondary afferent of pain and temperature from the trigeminal nerve (spinal trigeminal nucleus) (3)
1. VPM
2. PAG (periaqueductal gray)
3. RF (reticular formation)
50
What are the sensory functions of the facial nerve (2)
1. Taste anterior 2/3 of tongue
| 2. Small somatic sensation for a region around the back of the outer ear
51
What are the somatic motor functions of the facial nerve
Muscles of facial expression
52
What are the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve
1. Lacrimal ducts
2. Salivary glands
3. Mucous membranes of nose and palate
53
Where do the sensory cell bodies of the facial nucleus lie
The geniculate ganglion
54
True or False:
| UMN control of the facial nucleus is bilateral for the upper parts of the face
True
55
What does is mean that UMN control of the facial nucleus is bilateral for the upper parts of the face
In unilateral UMN lesions the contralateral side can compensate sparing the upper face muscles
56
Is UMN control of the facial nucleus contralateral or ipsilateral for the rest of the face
Contralateral
57
What are the 3 facial nerve nuclei of the pons
1. Nucleus solitarus (solitary nucleus)
2. Facial nucleus
3. Salivatory nucleus
58
What is the sensory facial nerve nucleus
Nucleus solitarus (solitary nucleus)
59
What are the 2 motor facial nerve nuclei
1. Facial nucleus
| 2. Salivatory nucleus
60
What does the nucleus solitarus receive proximal axons from
The DRG in the geniculate ganglion
61
What does the facial nucleus control
Muscles of facial expression
62
What does the salivatory nucleus supply
Secretomotor parasympathetic fibers and salivary glands
63
What is the ganglion of the secretomotor parasympathetic fibers
Lacrimal sphenopalatine ganglion
64
What is the ganglion of the salivary glands
Submandibular ganglion
65
What is the primary function of the vestibular and cochlear branch of CN VIII
Vestibular: Balance and equilibrium
Cochlear: Hearing
66
Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve originate
Receptors of the inner ear
67
Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve travel through
The internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone
68
What is the destination of the vestibulocochlear nerve
The vestibular and cochlea nuclei of pons and medulla
69
What does the cochlear branch carry
Carries auditory info from the cochlea
70
Where does the cochlear branch carry info from and to
From the cochlea to the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei
71
Where do the primary sensory cell bodies of the cochlear branch lie
The spiral ganglion
72
True or False:
Central auditory pathways cross many times so unilateral CNS lesions do not cause clinically significant unilateral hearing loss
True
73
What happens when the vibrations made by the inner ossicles contacts the fluid
A wave is formed causing the tectorial membrane to bend the hair cells stimulating the nerve
74
Where does the vestibular branch get information from (2)
1. Otolith
| 2. Semicircular canals
75
What info is carried by the vestibular branch (2)
1. Head position
| 2. Acceleration
76
Where do the primary sensory cell bodies lie in for the vestibular branch
Vestibular ganglia
77
Where does the information fro the vestibular ganglia travel
The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem
78
What are the 3 pathways that the vestibular branch influences
1. Unconscious posture and balance
2. Eye movements
3. Conscious perception of movement
