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Somatosensory Systems Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Are somatosensory systems ascending or descending

A

Ascending

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2
Q

True or False:

Dorsal root ganglia are pseudounipolar

A

True

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3
Q

What are located in the dorsal root ganglia

A

Cell bodies

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4
Q

How many branches does the axon have

A

2

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5
Q

What are the 2 branches of the axon

A

One projects to the periphery and the other projects to the spinal cord or brainstem

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6
Q

What do specialized terminals on peripheral branch do

A

Convert environmental energy into nervous system signals

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7
Q

The distal/peripheral section of the axon may either be what (2)

A
  1. Bare nerve ending

2. Encapsulated by a structure that helps relay specific information to nerve

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8
Q

Why can’t you perceive the shirt on your back

A

Adaption

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9
Q

True or False:

Tactile receptors of the skin exist in different densities in different locations on your body

A

True

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10
Q

What is the distance between two tactile stimuli at which the two are just discerned to be separate

A

Simultaneous spatial threshold

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11
Q

True or False:

Pain always adapts

A

False

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12
Q

What are the 5 types of receptors

A
  1. Cutaneous and subcutaneous mechanoreceptors
  2. Muscle and skeletal mechanoreceptor
  3. Nociceptors
  4. Thermal receptors
  5. Itch receptors
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13
Q

Large diameter myelinated sensory nerve fibers muscles fiber, cutaneous nerve, diameter, and conduction

A

Muscle fiber: I
Cutaneous nerve: Aa
Diameter: 12-20 um
Velocity: 72-120 m/s

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14
Q

Medium diameter myelinated sensory nerve fibers muscles fiber, cutaneous nerve, diameter, and conduction

A

Muscle fiber: II
Cutaneous nerve: Ab
Diameter: 6-12 um
Velocity: 36-72 m/s

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15
Q

Small diameter myelinated sensory nerve fibers muscles fiber, cutaneous nerve, diameter, and conduction

A

Muscle fiber: III
Cutaneous nerve: Ad
Diameter: 1-6 um
Velocity: 4-36 m/s

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16
Q

Unmyelinated sensory nerve fibers muscles fiber, cutaneous nerve, diameter, and conduction

A

Muscle fiber: IV
Cutaneous nerve: C
Diameter: 0.2-1.5 um
Velocity: 0.4-2 m/s

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17
Q

Type I is the main neuron for what

A

Proprioception (muscle and joint activity)

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18
Q

Ab is the main neuron for

A

Touch (mechanoreceptors)

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19
Q

C fibers conduct what (2)

A
  1. Poorly localized, dull, aching, pain

2. Itch

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20
Q

What do large diameter myelinated fibers innervate (2)

A
  1. Muscle spindle receptors

2. GTO (muscle length and contractile force

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21
Q

What do medium diameter myelinated fiber innervate

A

Secondary spindle endings and receptors in joint capsules (proprioception)

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22
Q

What do small diameter myelinated and unmyelinated fibers innervate

A

Muscle and joint pain

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23
Q

What is a sensory region of the skin and deeper tissues innervated by a given nerve root

A

Dermatome

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24
Q

True or False:

The dermatomes are largely overlapping in the thoracic region

A

True

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25
Somatotopy is maintained in what (3)
1. Spinal cord 2. Brainstem relay nuclei 3. Cortex
26
What does the somatotopy aid in
Localization of lesions
27
What are the 2 main somatosensory pathways
1. Dorsal column (medial lemniscus pathway) | 2. Anterolateral pathway
28
True or False: | Both main somatosensory pathways share touch
True
29
What does the dorsal column (medial lemniscus pathway) sense (3)
1. Fine discriminative touch 2. Proprioception 3. Vibration
30
What does the anterolateral pathway sense (3)
1. Pain 2. Temperature 3. Crude touch
31
What is crude touch
You know they are touching you but you don't know where
32
What is discriminative touch
You can discriminate place and intensity of touch
33
Where does the dorsal column cross
In medulla
34
Where does the anterolateral pathway cross
Crosses right away in the cord
35
Where does damage occur in the dorsal column pathway
Ipsilateral
36
Where does damage occur in the anterolateral pathway
Contralateral
37
What is the first order neuron
Cell body in DRG and carries sensory impulse from receptor to CNS
38
What is the second order neuron
These fibers decussate and carry info to the thalamus
39
Where can the second order neurons be (2)
1. Spinal cord | 2. Brainstem
40
What is the third order neuron
Carries info from thalamus to post central gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)
41
True or False: | Cuneate equals wedge shaped
True
42
True or False: | Gracile equals thin
True
43
True or False: | Fasciculi equals bundle (subset) of a funiculus
True
44
True or False: | There is no sensory to the face in the spinal cord
True
45
Where does sensory of the legs come from for the dorsal column pathway anatomically in the spinal cord
Medial
46
Where does sensory of the legs come from for the anterolateral system anatomically in the spinal cord
Anterolateral
47
Where does the first order neuron travel for the dorsal column
Ascends in posterior column in the fasciculus gracile or cuneatus
48
What sensory info travels in the fasciculus gracile and cuneatus
Gracile: Lower body Cuneatus: Upper body (T6 and above)
49
Where do the fibers of the first order neuron of the dorsal column synapse
Caudal medulla
50
Where does the second order neuron of the dorsal column decussate
In the medulla
51
What does the second order neuron of the dorsal column decussating form
Medial lemniscus
52
Where does the second order neuron of the dorsal column synpase
On the ventral posterior lateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus
53
Where do the third order neurons of the dorsal column travel
Ascend through the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the post central gyrus
54
True or False: | The thalamus is a collection of cell bodies and is gray matter
True
55
True or False: Most afferents do not meet their 1st synapse until they arrive at the nucleus gracilis or nucleus cuneatus in the lower medulla
True
56
What is difficulty recognizing a written number or letter traced on the skin after parietal damage
Agraphesthesia
57
What is the inability to identify objects by manipulation with eyes closed that results from a focal cortical lesion of the parietal lobe posterior association area or dorsal column
Astereognosis
58
What is a reduction in sensitivity on one side of the body
Hemihypesthesia
59
What may a person with hemihypesthesia not be able to perceive
Being lightly touched on one side but has normal function on the other side of the body
60
What size fibers are in the anterolateral spinothalamic pathway
Small myelinated and unmyelinated
61
Where do the fibers of the anterolateral spinothalamic pathway synapse
Dorsal horn
62
Where do the fibers of the anterolateral spinothalamic pathway decussate
Immediately at the level they enter
63
Where do the fibers of the anterolateral spinothalamic pathway travel in the cord
Anterolateral part to the ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus
64
Where do the tertiary fibers of the anterolateral spinothalamic pathway travel
From thalamus to the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the post central gyrus

Neuro 2 (20 decks)

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