Cranial nerves Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
what are the 12 cranial nerves?
A
Olfactory (CN I)
Optic (CN II)
Oculomotor (CN III)
Trochlear (CN IV)
Trigeminal (CN V)
Abducens (CN VI)
Facial (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear/acoustic (CN VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
2
Q
CN I
A
olfactory
3
Q
CN II
A
optic
4
Q
CN III
A
oculomotor
5
Q
CN IV
A
trochlear
6
Q
CN V
A
trigeminal
7
Q
CN VI
A
abducens
8
Q
CN VII
A
facial
9
Q
CN VIII
A
vestibulocochlear/acoustic
10
Q
CN IX
A
glossopharyngeal
11
Q
CN X
A
vagus
12
Q
CN XI
A
accessory
13
Q
CN XII
A
hypoglossal
14
Q
what cranial nerves (3) have an afferent/sensory component only
A
olfactory (I)
optic (II)
vestibulocochlear (VIII)
15
Q
what cranial nerves (5) have an efferent/motor component only
A
oculomotor (III)
trochlear (IV)
abducens (VI)
accessory (XI)
hypoglossal (XII)
16
Q
what cranial nerves (4) have an afferent/sensory and efferent/motor component?
A
trigeminal (V)
facial (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)
17
Q
what sensory function is the olfactory/CN I responsible for?
A
olfaction
18
Q
how is the olfactory/CN I tested?
A
identify familiar odors (chocolate, coffee)
19
Q
what CN would a PT be testing by asking the patient to identify familiar odors like coffee/chocolate? what sensory system is being tested?
A
olfactory/CN I
olfaction
20
Q
what sensory function is the optic nerve/CN II responsible for?
A
sight
21
Q
how is the optic/CN II tested?
A
test visual fields/acuity
22
Q
what CN would a PT be testing by using visual field/visual acuity testing? what sensory system is being tested?
A
optic/CN II
sight
23
Q
what sensory functions is the vestibulocochlear/acoustic/CN VIII responsible for?
A
ear: hearing and balance
24
Q
how is the vestibulocochlear/acoustic/CN VIII tested?
A
hear watch ticking
hearing tests
balance and coordination tests
25
what CN would a PT be testing by asking a patient complete hear watch ticking, hearing tests and or balance/coordination tests? what sensory system is being tested?
vestibulocochlear/acoustic/CN VIII
ear: hearing and balance
26
what motor functions is the oculomotor/CN III responsible for?
voluntary motor:
levator of the eyelid
superior, inferior and medial recti
inferior oblique of eyeball
autonomic:
smooth muscle of the eyeball
27
what voluntary movement is the levator of the eyelid responsible for? what CN controls motor function for this muscle?
upward gaze
oculomotor/CN III
28
what voluntary movements is the superior recti of the eyelid responsible for? what CN controls motor function for this muscle?
elevation (counteracts unwanted adduction/intorsion during elevation), adduction, intorsion
oculomotor/CN III
29
what voluntary movements is the inferior recti of the eyelid responsible for? what CN controls motor function for this muscle?
depression, adduction, extorsion
oculomotor/CN III
30
what voluntary movement is the medial recti of the eyelid responsible for? what CN controls motor function for this muscle?
adduction
oculomotor/CN III
31
what voluntary movements is the inferior oblique of the eyelid responsible for? what CN controls motor function for this muscle?
extorsion
elevation (works in coordination with superior rectus to prevent unwanted adduction and extorsion during elevation)
adduction
32
what autonomic functions is the smooth muscle of the eye responsible for? what CN controls autonomic function for this muscle?
pupil size, lense accomodation, elevation of the eyelid
33
how the the oculomotor/CN III tested?
assessing voluntary upward, downward, medial gaze by asking the patient to follow an object vertically, horizontally and diagonally without moving their head
reaction to light
34
what CN would a PT be testing if they were assessing a patient's upward, downward and medial gaze by asking the patient to follow an object vertically, horizontally and diagonally and/or testing pupil reaction to light? what muscles are being tested?
oculomotor/CN III
voluntary motor: levator, superior, inferior, medial recti, inferior oblique of the eye
autonomic: smooth muscle of the eye
35
when testing the oculomotor/CN III by asking the patient to follow an object horizontally, vertically and diagonally, what should the therapist ensure and inspect?
ensure that the patient is not rotating their head
inspect eyes for asymmetry/ptosis
36
when testing the oculomotor/CN III by asking the patient to follow an object horizontally, vertically and diagonally, what is a positive test indicated by?
tracking deficit, asymmetry, ptosis
37
a positive test of an identified tracking deficit, asymmetry or ptosis of the eyes may be indicative of dysfunciton of what CN?
oculomotor/CN III
38
what motor functions is the trochlear/CN IV responsible for?
voluntary motor: superior oblique of the eye (downward and inward gaze)
39
what muscle function of the eye is the superior oblique responsible for? what CN is it innervated by?
downward and inward gaze
trochlear/CN IV
40
how is the trochlear/CN IV tested?
assessing voluntary downward and inward gaze by asking the patient to follow an object moving inferiorly without moving their head
41
what CN is a PT testing by asking a patient to following an object moving inferiorly? what muscle is being tested?
trochlear/CN IV
voluntary motor: superior oblique of the eye
42
when testing the trochlear/CN IV by asking the patient to follow an object inferiorly, what should the therapist ensure and inspect?
ensure the patient does not move their head downward
inspect the eyes for inability to move eyes downward or complaints of diplopia
43
when testing the trochlear/CN IV by asking the patient to follow an object inferiorly, what is a positive test indicated by?
an inability to move eyes downward or complaints of diplopia
44
a positive test of an identified inability to move the eyes downward or complaints of diplopia may be indicative of dysfunction of what CN?
trochlear/CN IV
45
what motor functions is the abducens/CN VI responsible for?
voluntary motor: lateral rectus of the eye (lateral gaze)
46
what muscle function is the lateral rectus of the eye responsible for? what CN is it innervated by?
lateral gaze
abducens/CN VI
47
how is the abducens/CN VI tested?
assess lateral gaze by asking the patient to abduct their eyes by following an object laterally without moving their head
48
what CN is a PT testing by asking the patient to abduct their eyes by following an object laterally? what muscle is being tested?
abducens/CN VI
voluntary motor: lateral rectus of the eye
49
when testing the abducens/CN VI by asking the patient to follow an object laterally with their eyes, what should the therapist ensure and inspect?
ensure the patient is not rotating their head
inspect the eyes for an inability to abduct
50
when testing the abducens/CN VI by asking the patient to follow an object laterally with their eyes, what is a positive test indicated by?
patient inability to abduct eyes
51
a positive test identified by an inability to abduct the eyes is indicative of dysfunction of what CN?
abducens/CN VI
52
what motor functions is the accessory/CN XI responsible for?
voluntary motor: SCM and trapezius muscles
53
how is the accessory/CN XI tested?
resisted shoulder shrug
54
what CN is being tested by a PT who performs a resisted shoulder shrug on a patient? what muscle is being tested?
accessory/CN XI
trapezius
55
when testing the accessory/CN XI by performing a resisted shoulder shrug on a patient, what is a positive test indicated by?
inability to maintain test position against resistance
56
a positive test indicated by an inability to maintain shoulder elevation against resistance is indicative of dysfunction what CN?
accessory/CN XI
57
what motor functions is the hypoglossal/CN XII responsible for?
voluntary motor: muscles of the tongue (protrusion)
58
how is the hypoglossal/CN XII tested?
asking the patient to protrude their tongue
59
what CN is being tested by a physical therapist who asks their patient to protrude their tongue? what muscles are being tested?
hypoglossal/CN XII
voluntary motor: muscles of the tongue
60
when the hypoglossal/CN XII is being tested by asking a patient to protrude their tongue, what would a positive test be indicated by?
inability to fully protrude tongue or tongue deviation to one side during protrusion
61
a positive test indicated by an inability to fully protrude tongue or tongue deviation during protrusion indicates dysfunction of what CN?
hypoglossal/CN XII
62
what sensory and motor functions is the trigeminal/CN V responsible for?
sensory- touch and pain: skin of face, mucous membranes of the nose, sinuses, mouth, anterior tongue
voluntary motor: muscles of mastication
63
what CN's afferent component provides information regarding touch and pain on the skin of the face, mucous membranes of the nose, sinuses, mouth and anterior tongue?
trigeminal/CN V
64
what CN's efferent component is responsible for voluntary motor: muscles of mastication?
trigeminal/CN V
65
how is the trigeminal/CN V tested?
corneal reflex
facial sensation- sharp dull testing using cotton ball/safety pin
clench teeth-PT pushes down on chin to separate jaw/ask patient to perform mandibular protrusion/retrusion and lateral deviation
66
what is the corneal reflex? what CN is being tested when this is used?
protective response: eye closure in response to corneal being touched
trigeminal/CN V
67
what CN is being tested by a PT who performs sharp/dull testing on the face? what component of the CN is being tested?
trigeminal/CN V
sensory
68
what CN is being tested by a PT who asks their patient to clench their teeth and then pushes down on the chin in an attempt to separate the jaw? what component of the CN is being tested?
trigeminal/CN V
motor
69
what CN is being tested by a PT who asks their patient to protrude, retrude and laterally deviate their jaw? what component of the CN is being tested?
trigeminal/CN V
motor
70
when the trigeminal/CN V is being tested by performing sharp/dull testing on the face, what is a positive test for the sensory component indicated by?
impaired or absent sensation or inability to differentiate between sharp and dull
71
when the trigeminal/CN V is being tested by a PT who asks their patient to protrude, retrude and laterally deviate their jaw, what is a positive test for the motor component indicated by?
impaired ability to move jaw through specified motions
72
a positive test indicated by impaired/absent sensation or inability to differentiate between sharp and dull on the face and/or impaired ability to move the jaw through protrusion, retrusion and lateral deviation may be indicative of dysfunction of what CN?
trigeminal/CN V
73
what sensory and motor functions is the facial/CN VII responsible for?
sensory: taste of anterior tongue
voluntary motor: facial muscles
autonomic: lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands
74
what CN sensory component is responsible for taste of the anterior tongue?
facial/CN VII
75
what CN motor component is responsible for voluntary motor of the facial muscles?
facial/CN VII
76
what CN motor component is responsible for autonomic control of the lacrimal, sublingual and submandibular glands?
facial/CN VII
77
how is the facial/CN VII tested?
sensory- identify familiar tastes (sweet, sour)
motor: close eyes tight, smile and show teeth, whistle and puff cheeks
78
what CN sensory component is being tested when a PT asks a patient to identify familiar tastes placed on the anterior tongue?
facial/CN VII
79
what CN motor component is being tested when a PT asks a patient to close their eyes tight, smile with teeth and/or whislte and puff cheeks?
facial/CN VII
80
when the facial/CN VII sensory component is being tested using identification of familiar tastes, what is a positive test indicated by?
inability to accurately identify sour or sweet tastes
81
when the facial/CN VII motor component is being tested by asking the patient to close their eyes tight, smile with teeth and/or whistle and puff cheeks, what is a positive test indicated by?
inability to mimic selected facial expressions due to muscle impairment
82
a positive test indicated by an inability to accurately identify familiar tastes on the anterior tongue and/or mimic selected facial expressions may be indicative of dysfunction of what CN?
facial/CN VII
83
what sensory and motor functions is the glossopharyngeal/CN IX responsible for?
sensory-
touch and pain: posterior tongue, pharynx
taste: posterior tongue
voluntary motor: select muscles of the pharynx
autonomic: parotid gland
84
what CN is responsible for touch and pain sensation to the posterior tongue and pharynx and taste sensation to the posterior tongue?
glossopharyngeal/CN IX
85
what CN is responsible for voluntary motor function of select muscles of the pharynx?
glossopharyngeal/CN IX
86
what CN is responsible for autonomic control of the parotid glands?
glossopharyngeal/CN IX
87
how is the glossopharyngeal/CN IX tested?
familiar tastes (sour/bitter) to posterior tongue
gag reflex (tongue depressor to pharynx)/ability to swallow
88
what CN sensory component is tested when a PT applies familiar tastes to the posterior tongue?
glossopharyngeal/CN IX
89
what CN motor component is tested when a PT tests a patient's gag reflex by placing a tongue depressor to the pharynx or by asking the patient to swallow?
glossopharyngeal/CN IX
90
when testing the sensory component of the glossopharyngeal/CN IX by applying familiar tastes to the posterior tongue, what is a positive test indicated by?
inability to identify sour or bitter tastes placed on posterior 1/3 of tongue
91
when testing the motor component of the glossopharyngeal/CN IX by testing a patient's gag reflex or ability to swallow, what is a positive test indicated by?
lack of gag reflex
inability/impaired ability to swallow
92
a positive test identified by an inability to identify sour or bitter tastes placed on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, lack of gag reflex/inability to feel tongue depressor or inability to swallow is indicative of dysfunction of what CN?
glossopharyngeal/CN IX
93
what sensory and motor functions is the vagus/CN X responsible for?
sensory-
touch and pain: pharynx,larynx, bronchi
taste: tongue
voluntary motor: muscles of palate, pharynx and larynx
autonomic: thoracic and abdominal viscera
94
what CN sensory component is responsible for touch and pain sensation to the pharynx, larynx and bronchi as well as taste of the tongue?
vagus/CN X
95
what CN motor component is responsible for the muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx and thoracic and abdominal viscera?
vagus/CN X
96
how is the vagus/CN X tested?
gag reflex
ability to swallow
say 'ahh'
97
what CN is being tested by a therapist assessing patient gag reflex, ability to swallow and/or say 'ahh'?
vagus/CN X
98
when the vagus/CN motor component is being tested by assessing a patient's gag reflex, what is a positive test indicated by?
lack of gag reflex/inability to feel tongue depressor on pharynx
99
if lack of the gag reflex is absent when testing the vagus/CN X, what should the therapist assess next?
movement of the soft palate and uvula
100
a positive test indicated by lack of gag reflex/inability to feel tongue depressor on pharynx and/or impaired/absent soft palate/uvula movement is indicative of dysfunction of what CN?
vagus/CN X
101
what CN is being tested if a PT, positioned behind and to one side of the patient, slowly brings a ticking watch towards the patient's ear, repeating on the other ear and recording the distance at which the ticking was first identified? what test is being used?
vestibulocochlear/CN VIII
hearing watch test
102
what is considered a positive hearing watch test?
inability to hear ticking sound at 18-24 in from ear or significant bilateral difference
103
alternative tests for the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) include the __ and __ tests which require a __ Hz tuning fork
Weber and Rinne
512 Hz
