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NPTE-Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems > Neuroanatomy- anatomical divisions of the nervous system > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy- anatomical divisions of the nervous system Flashcards

CNS, PNS, ANS, SNS, Limbic System (78 cards)

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1
Q

what structures (3) make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

brain
brainstem
spinal cord

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2
Q

what are the 3 main divisions of the brain?

A

forebrain (prosencephalon)
midbrain (mesencephalon)
hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

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3
Q

what main division of the brain is also known as the prosencephalon?

A

forebrain

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4
Q

what main division of the brain is also know as the mesencephalon?

A

midbrain

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5
Q

what main division of the brain is also known as the rhombencephalon?

A

hindbrain

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6
Q

what are the subdivisions of the forebrain/prosencephalon?

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

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7
Q

what structures (4) does the telencephalon (subdivison of the forebrain) contain?

A

cerebrum
hippocampus
basal ganglia
amygdala

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8
Q

what structures (4) does the diencephalon (subdivison of the forebrain) contain?

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
subthalamus
epithalamus

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9
Q

what main division of the brain contains the telencephalon and diencephalon subdivisions?

A

forebrain/prosencephalon

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10
Q

what are the subdivisions of the midbrain/mesencephalon?

A

tectum
tegmentum

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11
Q

what structures (2) does the tectum (subdivison of the midbrain) contain?

A

superior and inferior colliculi

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12
Q

what structures (5) does the tegmentum (subdivison of the midbrain) contain?

A

cerebral aqueduct
periaqueductal gray
reticular formation
substantia nigra
red nucleus

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13
Q

what main division of the brain contains the tectum and tegmentum subdivisions?

A

midbrain/mesencephalon

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14
Q

what subdivisions does the hindbrain/rhombencephalon contain?

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

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15
Q

what structures (2) does the metencephalon (subdivison of the hindbrain) contain?

A

cerebellum
pons

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16
Q

what structure (1) does the myelencephalon (subdivison of the hindbrain) contain?

A

medulla oblongata

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17
Q

what two divisions of the brain does the brainstem incorporate with one another?

A

the midbrain with specific spections of the hindbrain

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18
Q

what structures does the brainstem include?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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19
Q

the spinal cord includes __, __, __, __ and __ spinal segments

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

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20
Q

the spinal cord includes __ and __ tracts

A

afferent and efferent

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21
Q

the spinal cord includes an inner core of __ matter and superficial __ matter

A

gray, white

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22
Q

gray matter consists of (1)… and contains (4)…

A

consists of unmyelinated neurons and contains capillaries, glial cells, cell bodies and dendrites

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23
Q

white matter consists of (1)… and contains (1)…

A

consists of myelinated axons and contains nerve fibers without dendrites

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24
Q

white matter of the spinal cord is divided into

A

3 funiculi: anterior, lateral and drosal columns

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25
what type of CNS matter consists of unmyelinated neurons and contains capillaries, glial cells, cell bodies and dendrites?
gray matter
26
what type of CNS matter consists of myelinated axons and contains nerve fibers without dendrites?
white matter
27
what CNS matter is divided into three funiculi: anterior, lateral and dorsal columns?
white matter of the spinal cord
28
the CNS contains the main centers where __ and __ of nervous system information occur
integration and coordination
29
the CNS is covered in a system of __ and suspended in __ __ as well as surrounded by __ and __ __ for protection
meninges; cerbrospinal fluid; skull and vertebral column
30
the brain of the CNS is divided into two __ __
cerebral hemispheres
31
each hemisphere of the brain contains a __, __, __, and __ lobes
frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
32
what are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
cranial nerves and ganglia spinal nerves and ganglia/plexuses
33
__ pairs of cranial nerves exit the skull through __
12 pairs; foramina
34
__ pairs of spinal nerves exit the __ __ through intervertebral foramina
31 pairs; spinal column
35
31 pairs of spinal cord nerves exit the spinal column through __ __
intervertebral foramina
36
out of the 31 total pairs of spinal cord nerves, how many pairs are cervical spinal nerves?
8 pairs
37
out of the 31 total pairs of spinal cord nerves, how many pairs are thoracic spinal nerves?
12 pairs
38
out of the 31 total pairs of spinal cord nerves, how many pairs are lumbar spinal nerves?
5 pairs
39
out of the 31 total pairs of spinal cord nerves, how many pairs are sacral spinal nerves?
5
40
out of the 31 total pairs of spinal cord nerves, how many pairs are coccygeal spinal nerves?
1
41
spinal nerves have an __ and __ root
anterior and posterior
42
the anterior root of a spinal nerve carries __ information towards or away from the CNS?
motor; away (efferent fibers)
43
the posterior root of a spinal nerve carries __ information towards or away from the CNS?
sensory; towards (afferent fibers)
44
cranial and spinal nerves of the PNS are bundles of __ and __ encased in a __ __ that are supported by __
bundles of nerve fibers and axons encased in a fibrous sheath that are supported by connective tissue
45
what are ganglia? what do they give rise to?
clusters or swellings of cells that give rise to peripheral and central nerve fibers
46
ganglia are divided into what two categories?
sensory and autonomic ganglia
47
what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
sympathetic division parasympathetic division
48
what does the sympathetic division of the ANS prepare the body for?
emergency response flight or flight
49
what does the parasympathetic division of the ANS prepare the body for?
conserving and restoring energy rest and digest
50
what division of the ANS prepares the body for emergency repsonse?
sympathetic
51
what division of the ANS focuses on conserving and restoring energy?
parapsympathetic
52
the sympathetic division of the ANS is associated with __ neurotransmitters and generally is considered a __ response
norepinephrine; stimulating
53
the parasympathetic division of the ANS is associated with __ neurotransmitters and generally is considered an __ response
acetylcholine; inhibitory
54
the ANS anatomically contains portions of the __ and __
CNS and PNS
55
the ANS is concerned with innervation for (4)..
involuntary processes glands internal organs smooth muscle
56
the ANS functions with an emphasis on __ and a person's __ __
homeostasis; stress response
57
do impulses often reach our consciousness?
no
58
impulses produce largely __ responses and are therefore associated with what nervous system
automatic; autonomic
59
what is the somatic nervous system (SNS) composed of?
peripheral and motor nerve fibers
60
peripheral and motor nerve fibers make up the __ nervous system
somatic
61
the peripheral nerve fibers that make up the somatic nervous system send __ information to the __?
sensory; CNS
62
the motor nerve fibers that make up the somatic nervous system send information to __ muscle?
skeletal
63
somatic motor neurons that make up the somatic nervous system travel __ to skeletal muscle without intervening synapses
directly
64
all nerve fibers within the SNS are __
myelinated
65
what are the main functions of the SNS?
control of voluntary movement influence over all 5 senses
66
what structures is the limbic system composed of (10)
corpus callosum olfactory tract mammillary bodies fornix thalamic nuclei amygdala hippocampus parahippocampal gyrus cingulate gyrus hypothalamic nuclei
67
what processes (5) is the limbic system involved in?
control and expression of mood and emotion processing and storage of recent memory olfaction control of appetite emotional responses to food
68
lesions to the limbic system can result in a variety of behaviors (4) including..
aggression extreme fearfulness altered sexual behavior changes in motivation
69
the ANS influences what body structures (7) as they relate to homeostasis?
all internal organs blood vessels pupils of the eyes muscles of the eyes sweat glands salivary glands digestive glands
70
the ANS controls what bodily processes (13)?
blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate body temperature digestion metabolism electrolyte balance saliva production sweat production tear production urination defication sexual response
71
disorders of the ANS can affect any body __ or __
part or process
72
autonomic disorders are classified as __ or __ in nature
primary or secondary
73
secondary autonomic disorders result from...
outside pathology that damages the autonomic nerves
74
what are two examples of outside pathologies that can result in secondary autonomic disorders
diabetes or alcoholism
75
primary autonomic disorders result in..
primary damage to the autonomic nervous system
76
the course of an autonomic disorder can be __ or __ in nature
reversible or progressive
77
what are examples (6) of autonomic disorders?
constipation erectile dysfunction Horner's syndrome vasovagal syncope orthostatic hypotension postural tachycardia syndrome
78
ANS disorders are typically treated with what type of intervention?
pharmacological

NPTE-Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems (12 decks)

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