UMN and LMN disease

Question 1

where is a lesion resulting in an upper motor neuron disease located?

Answer 1

lesion found i descending motor tracts within the cerebral motor cortex, internal capsule, brainstem or spinal cord

Question 2

an upper motor neuron disease is characterized by a lesion found in the descending motor tracts within the __ __ __, __ __, __ or __ __

Answer 2

cerebral motor cortex
internal capsule
brainstem
spinal cord

Question 3

in the context of an upper motor neuron lesion, where are the damaged descending motor tracts located within the spinal cord?

Answer 3

in the lateral white column of the spinal cord

Question 4

in the context of an __ motor neuron disease, the damaged descending motor tracts are locatd within the lateral white column of the spinal cord

Answer 4

upper

Question 5

what are the symptoms of an upper motor neuron disease?

Answer 5

weakness of involved muscles
hypertonicity
hyperreflexia
mild disuse atrophy
abnormal reflexes

Question 6

the symptoms of an __ motor neuron disease include weakness of the involved muscles, hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, mild disuse atrophy and abnormal reflexes

Answer 6

upper

Question 7

examples (10) of UMN diseases

Answer 7

CP
hydrocephalus
ALS (both upper and lower)
CVA
birth injuries
MS
Huntington’s chorea
TBI
pseudobulbar palsy
brain tumors

Question 8

is CP an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 8

upper

Question 9

is hydrocephalus an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 9

upper

Question 10

is MS an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 10

upper

Question 11

is a TBI an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 11

upper

Question 12

is a CVA an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 12

upper

Question 13

are birth injuries an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 13

upper

Question 14

is Huntington’s chorea an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 14

upper

Question 15

are brain tumors an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 15

upper

Question 16

is pseudobulbar palsy an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 16

upper

Question 17

is ALS an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 17

both

Question 18

where a lesions resulting in a lower motor neuron disease located?

Answer 18

affects nerves or their axons at or below the level of the brainstem, usually within the ‘final common pathway’

Question 19

a __ motor neuron disease is characterized by a lesion that affects nerves or their axons at or below the level of the brainstem, typically within the ‘final common pathway’?

Answer 19

lower

Question 20

final common pathway

Answer 20

refers to LMNs, specifically alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, which are the last link in the chain of motor control as it related to motor commands from the CNS to the muscles

Question 21

what other aspect of the spinal cord can be affected by LMN disease?

Answer 21

ventral gray column of the spinal cord

Question 22

what are the symptoms (5) of a LMN disease?

Answer 22

flaccidity or weakness of the involved muscles
decreased tone
fasciculations
muscle atrophy
decreased/absent reflexes

Question 23

a __ motor neuron disease results in flaccidity or weakness in the involved muscles, decreased tone, fasciculations, muscle atrophy and decreased or absent reflexes?

Answer 23

lower

Question 24

examples (11) of LMN diseases

Answer 24

poliomyelitis
ALS (both upper and lower)
Guillain-Barre syndrome
tumors involving the spinal cord
trauma
progressive muscular atrophy
infection
Bell’s palsy
carpal tunnel syndrome
muscular dystrophy
spinal muscular atrophy

Question 25

is poliomyelitis an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 25

lower

Question 26

is guillain-barre syndrome an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 26

lower

Question 27

are tumors involving the spinal cord an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 27

lower

Question 28

is trauma an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 28

lower

Question 29

is progressive muscular atrophy an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 29

lower

Question 30

in infection an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 30

lower

Question 31

is Bell's palsy an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 31

lower

Question 32

is carpal tunnel syndrome an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 32

lower

Question 33

is muscular dystrophy an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 33

lower

Question 34

is spinal muscular atrophy an upper or lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 34

lower

Question 35

compare reflexes between UMN and LMN diseases

Answer 35

UMND: hyperactive LMND: diminished or absent

Question 36

compare atrophy between UMN and LMN diseases

Answer 36

UMND: mild from disuse LMND: present

Question 37

compare presence of fasciculations between UMN and LMN diseases

Answer 37

UMN: absent LMN: present

Question 38

compare tone between UMN and LMN diseases

Answer 38

UMND: hypertonic LMND: hypotonic to flaccid