CS (Hardware + Software)

Question 1

What is the main hardware component that processes data?

Answer 1

CPU

Question 2

What is the main hardware component responsible for graphics?

Answer 2

GPU

Question 3

List all of the computer components

Answer 3

Motherboard
CPU / GPU
Hard Drive
RAM
SSD
Power supply
Case
Cooling system
Wireless card

Question 4

Motherboard brief description

Answer 4

1) Main component of the computer
2) Where every component gets connected
3) Makes other components communicate with each other

Question 5

CPU (Central processing unit) brief description

Answer 5

1) Usually has low data storage but good at complex jobs
2) Everything that happens in the computer, goes through the CPU
3) Where most of the programs are run from

Question 6

Hard drive brief description

Answer 6

1) Where all the data is stored
2) Good at storing data but slow at accessing it
3) It isn’t always able to give the needed info to the CPU; to avoid this, we use the RAM.

Question 7

RAM (Random access memory) brief description

Answer 7

1) Stores data but less space available
2) It can access information faster than the hard drive
3) Can’t permanently store data, it is a short memory system

Question 8

SSD (Solid State Drive) brief description

Answer 8

1) Same goal as the hard drive but faster and more durable
2) It can be used alone on computers or paired with a hard drive, though it is more expensive.

Question 9

GPU (Graphics processing unit) brief description

Answer 9

1) An entire computer dedicated only to graphics, and it is responsible for what comes up on your screen.

Question 10

Power supply brief description

Answer 10

1) Takes electricity from the outlet and puts it into the computer, making it work.
2) Has to be powerful enough for your other components.

Question 11

Case brief description

Answer 11

1) Case for all of the components
2) Big enough to fit all the components

Question 12

Cooling system brief description

Answer 12

1) Cools down the CPU and GPU when it gets hot
2) Liquid cooling and air cooling

Question 13

Wireless card brief description

Answer 13

1) The computer has a wireless card if it supports Wi-Fi without an ethernet cable.

Question 14

CPU components?

Answer 14

1) Arithmetic Logic Unit
2) Cache
3) Register
4) Control Unit

Question 15

Arithmetic logic unit function

Answer 15

• arithmetic calculations
• make logical decisions

Question 16

Cache function

Answer 16

• stores data temporarily
• provides fast access to frequently used data and instructions
• info fetched or written to cache is done more quickly than info fetched or written to main memory

Question 17

Registers function

Answer 17

• tiny, super fast pieces of onboard memory inside the CPU
• a type of memory used to quickly transfer, store and accept data by the CPU

Question 18

4 parts of a register?

Answer 18

Accumulator
Program counter
Memory data register
Memory address register

Question 19

CPU component that carries out decisions?

Answer 19

Arithmetic logic unit

Question 20

Network transmission protocol used to transmit secure web data?

Answer 20

HTTPS (S is to make sure it’s secure)

Question 21

Purpose of the accumulator?

Answer 21

Hold data being processed and results of processing

Question 22

What is a full mesh network?

Answer 22

When all devices are connected to every other device

Question 23

What is a star network topology?

Answer 23

When all computers or devices are connected to the switch.

Question 24

What is a partial mesh network topology?

Answer 24

Multiples routes exist between different devices, but every device is not connected to every single other device.

Question 25

LAN network summary:

Answer 25

1) Private network 2) Computers talk to eachother, but if they need another network, they need to contact an internet service provider. 3) Then ISP would send them a device called a gateway (a router/modem) combo. 4) Once gateway is connected. computers in LAN can now access and be a part of the WAN.

Question 26

What does a router do?

Answer 26

1) It is what separates networks or subnets. 2) Routers can create many more subnets in a LAN, not just 2.

Question 27

What is a subnet? why do we have it?

Answer 27

A smaller network inside of a network. We have it for manageability, security and improve performance of a network.

Question 28

What is a client server/ peer-to-peer server?

Answer 28

A network that uses a server is called a client-server model. A network that does not use a server is called a peer-to-peer model.

Question 29

What is a server?

Answer 29

Computer that stores and manages files. Controls access and security to one shared file store. Manages access to the internet, and printing jobs. Provides email services, runs a backup of data. A client makes requests to the server for data and connections.

Question 30

What is a peer-to-peer model in detail?

Answer 30

Peer is a computer on a network and is equal to all other peers. 1) serve their files to eachother 2)each peer is responsible for its security and backup. 3)usually have their printers

Question 31

What is a client-server model in detail?

Answer 31

Uses clients to request services from servers, which then the data is processed and delivers it back.

Question 32

Advantages and disadvantages of client-server models?

Answer 32

A: easier to manage security files, easier to take backups of all shared data, easier to install software updates to all computers. D: expensive to setup and maintain, requires IT specialist, server is a single point of failure, users will lose all access if server fails.

Question 33

Advantages and disadvantagses of peer-to-peer models?

Answer 33

A: easy to maintain, specialist staff are not required, no dependency on a single computer, cheaper to setup, no expensive hardware needed. D: network is less secure, users will need to manage their backups, can be difficult to maintain a well-ordered file store.

Question 34

What are some LAN hardwares?

Answer 34

1) Network interface card/controller 2) Wireless access point 3)Switch 4)Router 5) Transmission media (like copper cables and fibre optic cables.

Question 35

What does the Network interface controller (NIC) do?

Answer 35

-allows devices to connect to either a wired or wireless network -every computer connecting to a network needs this -built in, not seperate anymore -uses protocols to determine how the connection should work

Question 36

What does the Wireless access point do?

Answer 36

-allows wireless-enabled devices to connect to a network without cables. -more convenience -less bandwidth than a wired connection -security concerns

Question 37

What does the switch do?

Answer 37

-sends data between computers on a lAN -segment the network by forwarding traffic to the correct location -learn which devices are connected and understand how to forward traffic in an intelligent way. -uses NIC to route traffic

Question 38

What does the router do?

Answer 38

-sends data between networks -creates a WAN from a number of LANs -can't connect to a WAN without using a router -uses an IP address (internet protocol) to route traffic