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Anatomy > Cubital fossa and anterior forearm > Flashcards

Cubital fossa and anterior forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 muscles make up the superficial layer of flexors of the forearm

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

Where does pronator teres have its attachments

A

On the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and on the mid shaft of the radius

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3
Q

Describe the fibres of the pronator teres

A

They extend laterally and inferiorly

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4
Q

Why is the pronator teres called this

A

Pronator - its role in pronation
Teres - cylindrical in cross section

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5
Q

Where is flexor carpi radialis situated in relation to pronator teres

A

medial side of pronator teres

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6
Q

Where are flexor carpi radialis attachments

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus then extends down to the radial side of the forearm

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7
Q

Where is flexor carpi radialis attachment, once it has passed the wrist

A

to the base of the second and third metacrapal

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8
Q

Where is palmaris longus in relation to flexor carpi radialis

A

on the medial side

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9
Q

What is the attachment of palmaris longus

A

onto the medial epicondyle and then extends distally down the middle of the forearm to cross the wrist joint and attaches to the palmer aponeurosis

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10
Q

Where is the tendon of the palmaris longus in relation to the others

A

more superfiical

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11
Q

What is the palmer aponeurosis

A

a small muscle that helps flex the wrist. Useful for reconstructive surgeries

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12
Q

Where are the attachments of the flexor carpi ulanris

A

on the medial epicondyle, the fibres come down the ulnar side of the forearm and crosses the wrist joint. It attaches onto the pisiform bone

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13
Q

From its attachment on the pisiform bone what happens to the flexor carpi ulmaris

A

it is transmitted to the hamate bone and to the base of the fith metacarpal by the piso-amate ligament and the piso-metacarpal ligament

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14
Q

What does the flexor carpi ulnaris do

A

produces the flexion movement of the wrist

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15
Q

What is the muscle of the intermediate layer

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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16
Q

Where is the flexor digitorum attached

A

at the medial epicondyle of the humerus

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17
Q

What happens to the flexor digitorum superficialis in the mid forearm

A

divides into 4 segments that go into each finger

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18
Q

What does the flexor digitorum superficialis do

A

flexes the wrist and small joints of the fingers

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19
Q

Where do the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis attach on the fingers

A

attach on the middle phalanges of each finger

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20
Q

What muscle does the flexor digitorum superficialis lie on top of

A

the flexor digitorum profundus

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21
Q

What are the 2 heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

a radial head (arises from long oblique line on radius) and a humero-ulnar head (arises as part of the common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle and adjoining ulna)

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22
Q

What passes through the gap between the 2 heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

ulnar artery and median nerve

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23
Q

What are the 3 deep flexors of the forearm

A

flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus

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24
Q

What is the interosseous membrane

A

Membrane between radius and ulna

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25
Q

What does the interosseous membrane do

A

It provides support for the bones (in terms of their movements) and is a site of attachment for some of the deep muscles.

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26
Q

Where is the pronator quadratus attached

A

distal (anterior surface) radius, it then goes across and attaches to the anteromedial surface of the ulna

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27
Q

Why is the pronator quadratus called that

A

it is quadrangular in shape and pronates

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28
Q

What covers the pronator quadratus

A

flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus

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29
Q

Where are the attachments of the flexor pollicis longus

A

longus attaches onto the radius and the interosseous membrane and has a tendon which goes up to the distal phalanx of the thumb

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30
Q

What does the flexor pollicis longus do

A

has a little bit of movement of the wrist and small joints of the thumb

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31
Q

Where are the flexor digitorum profundus attachments

A

more on the ulnar side and has its attachment on the anterior and medial surface of the ulnar and interosseous membrane

32
Q

Where on the fingers does the flexor digitorum profundus attach

A

the distal phalanges of the 4 fingers

33
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

. Innervated by the median nerve (the side that provides tendons to the index and middle finger) and ulnar nerve (more of the ulnar side – side that provides tendons to the ring finger and little finger).

34
Q

What is the common flexor tendon

A

the common point of origin for 4 muscles that start on the medial epicondyle of the humerus

35
Q

What does the ulnar nerve pass through

A

the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris until it enters the forearm

36
Q

What is the head of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

an extensive ulnar head

37
Q

What does the flexor carpi radialis pass through when it crosses the wrist

A

a deep ligamentous tunnel

38
Q

What lies between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

palmaris longus

39
Q

What happens when the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris act together

A

they flex the wrist

40
Q

What happens when the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris act separately

A

contribute to ulnar abduction and radial abduction

41
Q

What are the 3 wrist extensors

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi ulnaris

42
Q

Where does extensor carpi radialis longus arise from

A

lateral epicondyle ridge, just below brachialis

43
Q

Where does extensor radialis bravis arise

A

lateral epicondyle

44
Q

Where does extensor carpi ulnaris arise from

A

the lateral epicondyle and has an ulnar head

45
Q

What do the extensors pass under as they cross the back of the wrist

A

extensor retinaculum which acts as a pulley

46
Q

Where do extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis insert on to

A

the second and third metacarpals

47
Q

Where does extensor ulnaris insert

A

on to the base of the 5th metacarpal

48
Q

What happens when all extensors act together

A

they extend the wrist

49
Q

Why is extension of the wrist important

A

important to grip because when the wrist is flexed the gripping muscles are slack and feeble.

50
Q

What happens when the radial or ulnar extensor contract separately

A

they help produce radial or ulnar abduction of the wrist, they do this alongside the corresponding flexor

51
Q

Where else does the pronator teres have a head of origin

A

on the ulnar

52
Q

What passes between the 2 heads of pronator teres before it enters the forearm

A

the median nerve

53
Q

Where does the supinator arise from

A

the lateral epicondyle, anular ligament and from the supinator crest on the ulnar

54
Q

Where does the supinator insert

A

on the radius, above insertion of pronator teres

55
Q

Which nerve runs through the supinator

A

the deep branch of the radial nerve

56
Q

What are the 2 supinator muscles

A

the supinator and the biceps brachii

57
Q

How do the biceps have the power to supinate

A

due to its insertion on the radial tuberosity gives it the power to rotate the radius - especially when elbow is flexed

58
Q

When the biceps are acting as a supinator how is the flexing action held in check

A

by the action of the tricpes

59
Q

which is a more powerful action - pronation or supination?

A

supination

60
Q

As the flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus pass through the carpal tunnel what are they enfolded in

A

a common synovial sheath which extends into palm of hand

61
Q

What are the 4 tendons the flexor digitorum profundus/superficialis divide into called

A

the lumbricals

62
Q

What do the flexor digitorum profundus/superficialis enter before reaching the MP point

A

the flexor tendon sheath

63
Q

When does the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon split into 2 and what do the branches pass round

A

over the proximal phalanx. They pass round the profundus tendon

64
Q

When do the 2 halves of the flexor digitorum profundus reunite and insert

A

on the middle phalanx

65
Q

Where does the profundus tendon emerge

A

between the 2 halves of superficialis and continues distally to insert on the base of the distal phalanx

66
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

to flex the proximal IP joint and MP joint

67
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

to flex both IP joints and MP joints

68
Q

What is the cubital fossa

A

Area of transition between the anatomical arm and the forearm - depression on anterior surface of elbow joint

69
Q

Is the cephalic vein lateral or medial

A

lateral

70
Q

is the basilic vein lateral or medial

A

medial

71
Q

What is the relationship of the median cubital vein with the basilic and cephalic vein

A

initially runs along with basilic vein then runs along side the boundary of the cubital fossa to join the cephalic vein

72
Q

What is the superior, medial, lateral and inferior border of the cubital fossa

A

superior - fascia
lateral - brachioradialis
medial - pronator teres
inferior - muscle

73
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve compressed and pinched

A

pinched against medial epicondyle and compressed by the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

74
Q

What does the median nerve or branch of innervate

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus (lateral part), pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

75
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus (medial part)

Anatomy (21 decks)

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