Femoral triangle, anterior and middle thigh Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
What does the abdominal aorta split into
A
right and left common iliac artery
2
Q
What does each iliac artery divide into
A
internal and external iliac artery
3
Q
What are the branches of the internal iliac artery
A
obturator, inferior gluteal and superior gluteal artery
4
Q
What does the external iliac artery become
A
the common femoral artery as it crosses under the inguinal ligament to enter the femoral triangle
5
Q
What branch does the common femoral artery give off
A
profunda femoris (or deep femoral artery)
6
Q
What does the profunda femoris divide into
A
the lateral and medial circumflex artery
7
Q
How does profunda femoris terminate
A
as perforating arteries (they perforate the adductor magnus muscle)
8
Q
What does the common femoral artery continue as
A
the superficial femoral artery
9
Q
What does the superficial femoral artery travel through
A
the adductor canal
10
Q
What is the adductor canal
A
a muscular tunnel in the thigh that begins at the bottom of the femoral triangle and ending at the adductor hiatus
11
Q
What does the femoral artery become known as
A
the popliteal artery
12
Q
What does the popliteal artery pass beterrn
A
gastrocnemius and popliteal muscles
13
Q
What branches does the popliteal artery give off
A
genicular branches which supplies the knee joint
14
Q
What does the genicular artery divide into
A
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
15
Q
Where does the posterior tibial artery descend
A
along the superficial surface of the deep posterior muscles
16
Q
What does the posterior tibial artery give off
A
fibular artery
17
Q
What does the fibular artery supply
A
the lateral component of the leg
18
Q
Where does the anterior tibial artery pass
A
passes into anterior compartment through a gap in the interosseous membrane between the tibia and the fibula
19
Q
What does the anterior tibial artery become
A
at the foot it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery
20
Q
How does the posterior tibial artery enter the foot
A
through the tarsal tunnel, winding behind the medial malleolus
21
Q
What does the posterior tibial artery split into
A
the lateral and medial plantar arteries
22
Q
Where is the pulse palpable for the posterior tibial nerve
A
inferiorly and posteriorly behind the medial malleolus
23
Q
What does dorsalis pedis give off
A
the deep plantar artery
24
Q
Where does the deep plantar artery form
A
between the first and second metatarsals
25
What does the deep plantar artery anastomose with
the branch of the lateral plantar artery to form the plantar arch on the sole of the foot
26
Where is superficial venous system located
in the subcutaneous tissue
27
Where is deep venous system located
in the deep fascia
28
What do the veins of the deep system accompany
the arteriole system (also copies their names)
29
What do the veins of the superficial system drain into
into the deep venous system
30
What arteries are accompanied by veins on the anterior side of the foot
a vein accompanies the arcuate artery which drains into the vein that accompanies the dorsalis pedis artery
31
Which veins drain into the anterior tibial vein
vein that accompanies the arcuate artery and the vein that accompanies the dorsalis pedis artery
32
In the sole of the foot which arteries are accompanied by which veins
are veins that accompany the deep plantar arterial arch, the plantar venous arch which has medial and lateral plantar veins (like the medial and lateral plantar arteries)
33
What do the plantar veins drain into, and where
the posterior tibial vein just behind the medial malleolus
34
What do the posterior and anterior tibial veins drain into
the popliteal vein
35
What does the fibular vein drain into
the lateral compartment of the leg
36
How does the popliteal vein pass into the anterior compartment of the thigh
through the adductor magnus
37
What is the popliteal vein called after it passes through the adductor hiatus
the femoral vein
38
What does the femoral vein recieve
a tributary from profunda femoris
39
What accompanies the lateral and medial circumflex arteries
branches that drain into the profunda femoris vein
40
What does the femoral vein pass under
the inguinal ligament
41
When the femoral vein passes under the inguinal ligament what is it now called
the external iliac vein
42
what does the external iliac vein join and what does this form
internal iliac vein to form the common iliac vein
43
What do the right and left common iliac veins unit to form
the inferior vena cava
44
What is a deep vain thrombosis
clot in one of the deep veins
45
What is a pulmonary embolus
when a clot that has been dislodged passes into the right side of the heart
46
What does the superficial venous system consist of
small saphenous vein and great saphenous vein
47
Where does the small spahenous vein arise
from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch
48
Where does the small saphenous vein travel
passes behind the lateral malleolus where it ascends posteriorly up the leg to the knee
49
What does the small saphenous vein drain into
popliteal vein, behind the knee joint
50
Where does the great saphenous vein arise
from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch
51
What is the course of the great saphenous vein
It passes in front of the medial malleolus, along the medial aspect of the leg and along the entire length of the lower limb
52
What does the great saphenous vein drain into
femoral vein
53
What are perforating veins
small little veins that pass from the superficial to the deep venous system
54
Why is the deep venous system at a higher pressure than the superficial
to prevent the back flow of blood from deep to superficial
55
Where are the valves in the saphenous vein
at the junction where they meet the deep system
56
What causes varicose veins
backflow of blood causing the superficial veins to dilate
57
Where is the tensor fascia lata muscle located
gluteal muscle located in the lateral aspect
58
What is the role of the tensor fascia lata
flexion and medial rotation of the hip joint
59
Where does sartorius run
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the upper medial leg
60
What is the function of sartorius
hip flexion, weak abduction and lateral thigh rotation, knee flexion and medial knee rotation
61
Where is quadriceps located
lateral to sartoriys
62
Name the 4 heads of quadriceps
vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius
63
What is the function of quadricps
knee extension. Rectus femoris also involved in hip flexion because it passes hip joint on anterior side
64
Where does the quadriceps tendon insert
attaches to the borders of the patella, after it inserts to the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
65
Name the muscles in the superficial layer of the medial (adductor) compartment
adductor longus and pectineus
66
Name the muscle in the medial layer of the medial (adductor) compartment
adductor brevis
67
Name the muscles in the deep layer of the medial (adductor) compartment
adductor magnus and gracilis
68
What is the landmark for adductor brevis
anterior branch of the obturator nerve which passes anterior to it
69
What forms the pes anserine tendon
sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus
70
What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
71
What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle
adductor longus
72
What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle
sartorius
73
What forms the floor of the femoral triangle
pectineus, psoas major and iliacus
74
What is inside the femoral triangle from lateral to medial
femoral nerve, femoral artery and femoral vein
75
Where do the nerves that supply the lower extremity come from
the anterior rami of the second to the fifth sacral nerves
76
Where does the anterior ramus arise
from the intervertebral foramen that is below each vertebra
77
Where does the anterior rami of the sacral nerves emerge
from the anterior sacral formaina
78
How is each rami names
according to the spinal segment above it
79
Where does the femoral nerve emerge
lateral to psoas major
80
What is the nerve of the anterior thigh
femoral nerve
81
Where does the femoral nerve run
across the iliacus muscle and passes under the inguinal ligament, lateral to the femoral artery
82
What happens to the femoral nerve below the inguinal ligament
breaks into several branches (longest is saphenous nerve)
83
Where does the saphenous nerve run
which goes down under the deep fascia, then on the lower medial thigh it becomes superficial and runs with the superficial fascia on the medial leg
84
What does the femoral nerve supply
supplies iliacus, all 4 head of quadriceps, pectineus and sartorius.
85
What is the nerve of the medial compartment
obturator nerve
86
What does the obturator nerve supply
supplies the obturator externus, adductor brevis and longus, and the anterior part of adductor magnus
87
Where does obturator nerve arise
medial to psoas major
88
Where does the obturator nerve run
crosses the wing of the sacrum then runs along the back of the ischiopubic ramus
89
How does the obturator nerve leave the pelvis
by passing through the obturator canal (just above obturator internus)
90
Once the obturator nerve leaves the pelvis where does it emerge and run
It emerges over the top of obturator externus, it branches run down between the adductor muscles
91
Name the artery in the medial compartment of the thigh
obturator artery
92
What is the deep femoral artery a branch of
femoral artery
93
What are the branches of the seep femoral artery
lateral circumflex artery, medial circumflex artery and perforating branches
94
What is the inguinal ligament
a strong tight band that forms the lowest part of the abdominal wall and is the lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis
95
Where does the inguinal ligament pass
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
96
What occupies the gap between the inguinal ligament and the superior pubic ramus
by the iliacus and the psoas muscles and partly by the femoral nerve, artery, vein and inguinal lymph nodes
97
Where does vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis arise from
the femur
98
Where does rectus femoris arise
hip bone
99
Where on the femur does vastus intermedius arise
a broad area on the lateral aspect and the front of the femur, forming a bulge on the front
100
What covers vastus intermedius
vastus medialis and vastus lateralis, their fibres run obliquely all the way round to the back
101
Where does vastus lateralis arise from
the lateral edge of the linea aspera and from the side and front of the greater trochanter
102
Where does vastus medialis arise
from the medial edge of the linea aspera and from just below the lesser trochanter
103
What does the thin strip of bone between the lines of origin of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis provide
provides insertion of all adductor muscles and origin of the short head of biceps
104
Where do the 2 heads of rectus femoris tendon arise
posterior - just above the acetabulum
anterior - anterior inferior iliac spine
105
What do the 4 heads of quadriceps form
the quadricpes tendon
106
Where do , the lowest fibres of vastus lateralis and medialis insert
onto the sides of the patella
107
What is the function of quadriceps
knee extension - When the foot is off the ground it straightens and holds the leg straight. When the foot is on the ground it keeps the leg straight while the hamstring muscles extend the hip
108
Name the 2 anti-gravity muscles
quadriceps and gluteus maximus
109
What is the function of anti-gravity muscles
lifting the body upward (jumping, climbing a hill, rising from a sitting position)
110
Where does the adductor canal lie
between vastus medialis and the adjoining adductor longus muscle
111
Why is the adductor canal important
i because the femoral vessels run through it when the go from the front of the thigh to the back
112
What forms the adductor canal
formed by the groove between adductor longus and vastus medialis and by a sheet of fascia called the roof of the adductor canal which bridges over between the muscle
113
What covers the adductor canal
the sartorius muscle
114
Where does iliacus arise
from almost all of the inner aspect of the wing of the ilium
115
Where does psoas major arise from
the transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae and from the sides of the intervertebral discs and the adjoining vertebral bodies
116
What does iliacus and psoas major travel
pass over the superior pubic ramus and under the inguinal ligament
117
Where does iliacis and psoas major insert
on the lesser trochanter
118
What is the function of iliacus and psoas major
Contraction causes flexion of the hip joint, bringing the thigh forward (when the limb is free to move), or brings the body upright (when the limb is fixed).
119
Is sartorius the most superficial
yes
120
How does sartorius run
It runs in a spiral on the anterior superior iliac spine and ending up on the tibia
121
Sartorius function
It flexes the hip and can produce lateral rotation.
122
Where does adductor magnus arise
from the outer border of ischipubic ramus
123
Where does adductor magnus insert
The upper part inserts on the linea aspera, the lower part inserting on the adductor tubercle of the femur. The gap is the adductor hiatus
124
Where does adductor longus and brevis sir
in front of adductor magnus
125
Where does adductor brevis and longus arise
Brevis arises on the body of the pubis, longus arises on the edge
126
Where does adductor brevis and longus insert
They are inserted on the femur next to adductor magnus, brevis above, longus below. Insertion of longus stops just short of the adductor hiatus.
127
Which muscle is the shortest hip adductor muscle
pectineus
128
Where does pectineus arise
from a line on the superior pubic ramus
129
Where does pectineus insert
just infront of adductir brevis
130
Where does gracilis arise and insert
arise on the pubis and inserts on the tibia
131
What are the actions of gracilis
adduction of the thigh at the hip and flexion of the leg at the knee
132
Actions of adductor longus and brevus
adduction of the thigh
133
Actions of adductor magnus
adduction and flexion of the thigh
134
Actions of the hamstring
adduction and extension of the thigh
135
What joints does gracilis cross
hip and knee joint
136
Fascia lata function
limits outward expansion of contracting thigh muscles, aids venous return from lower limb and provides stability to knee joint in extended and partially flexed positions (through iliotibial tract).
137
Vastus lateralis, intermedius and medialis actions
extension of the knee joint and stabilises the patella.
138
Rectus femoris actions
extension of the knee joint and flexion of the hip
139
Sartorius actions
at the hip joint it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. Flexor of knee joint
