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Anatomy > Palm of the hand > Flashcards

Palm of the hand Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the thenar eminence

A

area at the base of the thumb

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2
Q

Where is the hypothenar eminence

A

area at the base of the little finger

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3
Q

How many digital branches are there in each finger

A

2 - one that runs down the lateral side and the other is more medial

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4
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate

A

small part seen at the base of the thumb, small parts on the palmer side and a large portion of the dorsum of the hand

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5
Q

What do both the ulnar and radial arteries divide into

A

a superficial and deep branch

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6
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial and ulnar artery do

A

Unite to form the superficial palmer arch

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7
Q

What artery is the main contributor to the superficial palmer arch

A

ulnar artery

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8
Q

What do the deep branches of the ulnar and radial artery do

A

unite to form the deep palmer arch

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9
Q

Which artery is the main contributor to the deep palmer arch - ulnar or radial

A

radial

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10
Q

What is an anastomses

A

when arteries come together and have a joint blood supply and mix

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11
Q

What branches does the superficial palmer arch give

A

3-5 branches called common digital arteries

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12
Q

Where do the common digital arteries run

A

they run with the digital nerves in either side if the digits beside the flexor sheath (one for ulnar and one for medial). Rejoin at tip of finger to form terminal anastomose

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13
Q

Where do branches of the deep palmer arch run

A

mainly branches running to the thumb

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14
Q

What is the palmer aponeurosis

A

connective tissue structure that sits in the middle of the palm

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15
Q

What is the function of the palmer aponeurosis

A

an attachment for other structures, where the skin finds firm attachment to some deeper structures

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16
Q

What doe the thenar group of muscles form

A

the thenar eminence

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17
Q

What does the hypothenar group of muscles form

A

the hypothenar eminence

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18
Q

What are the groups of intrinsic muscles

A

interosseous muscles, lumbricals, short muscles of the thumb, short muscles of the little finger

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19
Q

How many interosseous muscles are ther

A

7

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20
Q

Where are the interosseous muscles

A

one for each side of the index, middle and ring finer and there is one for radial side of little finger

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21
Q

How many dorsal and palmer interosseous muscles are there

A

4 dorsal and 3 palmer

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22
Q

Where do the 2 interosseous muscles of the middle finger arise from

A

the shaft of their own metacarpal and its neighbours.

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23
Q

Where are the 2 interosseous muscles of the middle finger located

A

pass behind deep transverse metacarpal ligament, on each side of MP joint they narrow down into a double tendon that has a long and short part

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24
Q

Where does the short part of the interosseous muscle insert

A

onto the base of proximal phalanx

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25
Q

Where does the long part of the interosseous tendon insert

A

it joins the extensor mechanism to become the most outer-lying part

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26
Q

How does the long interosseous tendon join the extensor mechanism

A

merges with the lateral slip of the extensor tendon, forms the lateral band of the extensor mechanism

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27
Q

What do the 2 lateral bands of the extensor mechanism so

A

come together distally, to insert on distal phalanx

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28
Q

What is the line of action of the interosseous muscles

A

passes in front of the axis of rotation on the MP joint and behind the axis of the 2 IP joints

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29
Q

What happens when the 2 interosseous muscles of one finger contract together

A

flexes the MP joint and extends both IP joints

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30
Q

What happens when tone of the interosseous muscles contracts separately

A

produces an ulnar or radial deviation

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31
Q

What us the interosseous muscle on the radial side of the index finger called

A

the first dorsal interosseous muscle

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32
Q

Describe the first dorsal interosseous muscle

A

it is large and has 2 heads which arise from the first and second metacarpals

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33
Q

Which artery passes between the 2 heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle

A

Radial artery

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34
Q

What is the function of the first dorsal interosseous muscle

A

powerful radial deviation of the index fingers

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35
Q

How many lumbrical muscles are there

A

4 - one for each finger

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36
Q

Where does each lumbrical arise from

A

the side of one or both of adjoining flexor digitorum profundus tendons

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37
Q

Where does each lumbrical pass

A

in front of the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

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38
Q

Where does each lumbrical insert

A

on the radial side of the extensor mechanism, ditsal to the long part of the interosseous tendon

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39
Q

What is the action of the lumbrical

A

reinforces the action of the interossei by extending the IP joints and the radial deviation of the MP joint

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40
Q

How many short muscles of the thumb are there

A

4 - one lies by itself and 3 lie close together

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41
Q

Which of the short muscles of the thumb lies by itself

A

adductor policis

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42
Q

What are the 2 heads of adductor pollicis

A

a transverse and oblique head

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43
Q

Where does the transverse head of adductor pollicis arise from

A

3rd metacarpal

44
Q

Where does the oblique head of adductor pollicis arise

A

from the ligaments in the base of the carpal tunnel

45
Q

Where does adductor pollicis insert

A

on the ulnar sesamoid bone and on the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

46
Q

What does adductir pollicis do

A

produces adduction at the carpometacarpal joint

47
Q

What are the 3 muscles that make up the thenar eminence

A

On the outside there is flexor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis brevis. Deep to them both is opponens pollicis

48
Q

Where does abductor brevise arise from

A

the trapezium and flexor retinaculum

49
Q

Where does flexor brevis arise from

A

the flexor retinaculum and from the trapezoid

50
Q
A
51
Q

Where does abductor brevis and flexor brevis insert

A

on the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb on the radial side

52
Q

Where does opponens pollicis arise from

A

the trapezium and the flexor retinaculum

53
Q

Where does opponens pollicis insert

A

on the radial side of the first metacarpal

54
Q

What is the function of the thenar muscles

A

They produce abduction and flexion at the carpometacarpal joint – brings thumb away from second metacarpal and across the palm, rotating it medially

55
Q

What are the 3 muscles that make up the hypothenar eminence

A

Outside there is abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi. Deep to them lies opponens digit minimi.

56
Q

Where does abductor digiti minimi arise and insert

A

arises from the pisiform bone and inserts partly into the base of the proximal phalanx and partly into the extensor mechanism

57
Q

Where does flexor flexor digiti minimi arise and insert

A

arises from the hamate bone and the flexor retinaculum and inserts near the abductor on the proximal phalanx

58
Q

Where does opponens digiti minimi arise and insert

A

arises from the hook of the hamate and inserts along the ulnar side of the fifth metacarpal

59
Q

What passes under flexor opponens as they enter the hand

A

ulnar nerve and artery

60
Q

What is the function of flexor digit minimi

A

helps flex the MP joint

61
Q

What is the function of opponens digit minimi

A

produces flexion of the firth metacarpal - the carpometacarpal joint

62
Q

What is the radial arteries relationship with the muscles as it runs down the forearm

A

artery runs down the forearm, deep to brachioradialis, it lies on pronator teres, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor pollicis longus

63
Q

Where does the radial artery lie in the distal forearm

A

it emerges from beneath brachioradialis and lies superficially, between the border of the radius, and the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

64
Q

What does the radial artery do at the wrist

A

At the wrist it gives off the superficial branch then spirals around the lateral aspect of the wrist, running beneath the tendons of abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus

65
Q

Which artery passes between the 2 heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle

A

radial

66
Q

Where does the radial artery give off branches to

A

to the thumb and sometimes index finger

67
Q

What does the radial artery pass between to enter the palm

A

the 2 heads of adductor pollicis

68
Q

After the radial artery emerges from the 2 heads of adductor pollicis where does it go

A

it crosses in front of the interossei, anastomosing with branches of the ulnar artery to form deep palmer branch

69
Q

What does the ulnar artery first pass beneath

A

pronator teres

70
Q

After the ulnar artery has passed under pronator etres what does it do

A

gives off the common interosseous branch

71
Q

Where does the ulnar artery pass after it has given off its branch

A

between the 2 heads of flexor digitorum superficialis

72
Q

As the ulnar artery runs down the forearm what does it run between

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

73
Q

In the distal forearm where does the ulnar artery emrge

A

along with ulnar nerve, between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

74
Q

Where does the ulnar artery pass at the wrist

A

it passes through the carpal tunnel in the side of the flexor retinaculum to reach the hand

75
Q

What does the ulnar artery do once it emerges from the carpal tunnel

A

divides into large and superficial branch

76
Q

Where does the deep ulnar branch go

A

between the hypothenar muscles

77
Q

Where does the superficial branch of the ulnar artery go

A

runs behind the palmer aponeurosis and runs across the palm in front of the flexor tendons

78
Q

Which artery is the median nerve next to

A

brachial artery

79
Q

Where does the median nerve pass through

A

, it dives between the 2 heads of pronator teres. Then passes between the 2 heads of flexor digitorum superficialis. Then passes down the forearm between flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus. It emerges at the wrist to the radial side of the superficialis tendons

80
Q

What is the median nerve crossed by

A

tendons of palmaris longus and flexor carpi radilais

81
Q

After the median nerve has passed through the carpal tunnel where does it lie

A

reaches the hand and lies just beneath the palmer aponeurosis

82
Q

What does the median nerve give off in the pal

A

a motor branch to thenar muscles and common digital nerves

83
Q

What do the common digital nerves break up into

A

palmer digital nerves - 2 each for thumb, index and middle fingers and one for radial side of ring finger

84
Q

Where does median nerve provide sensory distribution

A

to medial half of palm, the flexor aspect of the thumb, index and middle fingers and radial side of ring finger

85
Q

Which extrinsic hand muscles does median nerve supply

A

it suppled the flexor digitorum superficialis, pollicis longus and radial half of flexor digitorum profundus

86
Q

Which intrinsic hand muscles does the median nerve supply

A

3 thenar muscles and the radial 2 lumbricals

87
Q

How does the ulnar nerve enter

A

by passing round the medial epicondyle and between the 2 heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

88
Q

As the ulnar nerve runs down the forearm what is it between

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis, with profundus deep to it

89
Q
A
90
Q

What branch does the ulnar nerve give off as it goes down the foream

A

a dorsal sensory branch which goes to the back of the hand

91
Q

What die sthe ulnar nerve run by at the wrist

A

the radial side of the flexor carpi ulnaris

92
Q

What does the ulnar nerve pass through at the wrist

A

the side tunnel in the edge of the flexor retinaculum

93
Q

What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve do

A

divides into palmer digital nerves for the little finger and ulnar side of ring finger

94
Q

Where does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve pass

A

between hypothenar muscles

95
Q

Where does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve run across

A

runs across palm in front of interossei and passes in between the 2 heads of adductor pollicis

96
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve provide sensory branch

A

to ulnar half of the front and back of the hand and to the little finger and ulnar half of ring finger

97
Q

What extrinsic muscles does ulnar nerve innervate

A

innervates ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

98
Q

What intrinsic muscles foes the ulnar nerve innervate

A

innervates the hypothenar muscles, all the interossei, adductor pollicis and ulnar 2 lumbricals

99
Q

As flexor digitorum profundus emerges from the carpal tunnel what does it give rise to

A

the lumbricals

100
Q

What does superciicalis and profundus enter before the MP point

A

the flexor tendon sheath

101
Q

What happens to superficial tendon over the proximal phalanx

A

splits into 2 halves which pass around the profundus tendon

102
Q

When do the 2 halves of superficialis tendon reunite

A

middle phalanx which they insert onto

103
Q

Where does the profundus tendon emerge

A

emerges between the 2 halves of suoerficialis and continues distally to insert on the base of the distal phalanx

104
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel

A

flexor pollicis longus, median nerve, flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis

105
Q
A

Anatomy (21 decks)

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