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Anatomy > Gluteal region > Flashcards

Gluteal region Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

What skeleton forms the lower limbs

A

the inferior appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

What is the function of the inferior appendicular skeleton

A

for locomotion, maintaining balance and posture and supporting the body’s weight

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3
Q

How is the inferior appendicular skeleton attached to the axial skeleton

A

via the pelvic girdle

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4
Q

What are the 4 regions the lower limb is divided into

A

gluteal, thigh, leg and foot

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5
Q

What is the part of the pelvis that the head of the femur articulates with

A

the acetabulum

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6
Q

How does the femur deviate

A

medially - obliquely running long bone

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7
Q

What does the femur articulate with at the knee joint

A

tibia

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8
Q

How is the tibia orientated

A

vertically, and runs down towards the ankle joint

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9
Q

Which bone runs anterior to the femur,

A

the patella

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10
Q

What bone runs lateral to the tibia

A

the fibula

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11
Q

Where does the interosseous membrane run

A

between the fibula and tibia, provides large surface area for muscle attachment

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12
Q

What bone of the lower limb is analogous to the metacarpals of the wrist

A

tarsal bones

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13
Q

which bones form the digits of the foot

A

the phalanges

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14
Q

Where does the sacrospinal ligament run

A

from the sacrum to the ischial spine

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15
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run

A

from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

Why is the sacrospinal and sacrotuberus ligaments important

A

because they convert the greater and lesser sciatic notch into a greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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17
Q

What is the name of the 2 notches by the head of the femur

A

greater and lesser trochanter

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18
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus originate

A

originates on the posterior surface of the ilium, the posterior surface of the sacrum, the sacrotuberal ligament and parts of the ischial tuberosity

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19
Q

What is the iliotibial tract

A

fascial layer that stabilises the knee joint

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20
Q

Where do the fibres of the gluteus maximus pass

A

towards the iliotibial tract or to the gluteal tuberosity

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21
Q

Where is the gluteal tuberosity

A

on the posterior surface of the femur

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22
Q

What movements is the gluteus maximus involved in

A

extending the thigh and lateral rotation

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23
Q

What does the gluteus medius lie deep to

A

the gluteus maximus

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24
Q

Where does the gluteus medius originate

A

originates form the external surface of the ilium, from the space in between the anterior and posterior gluteal line

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25
Where do the fibres of the gluteus medius pass
to the outer part of the greater trochanter
26
What is the deepest of the gluteal muscles
the gluteus minimus
27
Where do the fibres of the gluteus minimus attach
the greater trochanter
28
Where does the gluteus minimus originate
comes from the space in between the posterior gluteal line and inferior gluteal line
29
What is the function of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
medial rotation and abduction of femur
30
What muscles make up the lateral rotaterus muscles
piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, obturator internus and externus and quadratus femoris
31
What is the function of the lateral rotaterus muscles
laterally rotate the thigh - away from midline
32
Where does piriformis originate
anterior surface of sacrum
33
Where does the piriformis located
travels out of pelvis via greater sciatic foramen to the greater trochanter of the femur
34
What runs with the piriformis
the sciatic nerve
35
What shape is the piriformis
triangular
36
What muscle is inferior to piriformis
superior gemellus
37
Where does the superior gemellus run
from the ischial spine and towards the greater trochanter
38
What muscle is beneath the superior gemellus
the inferior gemellus
39
What are the attachments of the inferior gemellus
ischial tuberosity onto the greater tuberosity
40
What is the most inferior gluteal muscle
quadratus femoris
41
Where does quadratus femoris pass
from the ischial tuberosity across to the intertrochantic crest
42
What is the intertrochanteric crest
the crest that runs between the greater and lesser trochanters
43
What are the attachments of obturator internus
originates from the inside of the pelvis (inside surface of obturator foramen) and passes out of the lesser sciatic foramen
44
What happens to the obturator internus as it pass round the back of the ischium
ischium it does a 90 degree turn, as it makes the turn it is joined above and below by gemellus superior and inferior
45
When the foot is on the ground what action do the lateral rotaterus muscles create
can rotate the trunk to the opposite side
46
What are the attachments of the obturator externus
arises from the obturator membrane and from the adjoining edge of the ischiopubic ramus
46
Why is the quadratus formamen important
helps steady the femoral head in the acetabulum
47
What is the fascia lata
is a continuous sheet of dense fibrous tissue that surrounds all of the muscles of the thigh.
48
What is the thickening of the fascia lata called
the iliotibial tract (located on the outer aspect of the thigh)
49
What attaches the iliotibial tract to the femur
a strong fibrous septum
50
What is the function of the iliotibial tract
acts as the tendon of insertion for gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata
51
Where are the attachments of the tensor fascia lata
arises from the iliac crest, it inserts on the iliotibial tract
52
What do the hip abductors do when the foot is on the ground
the hip abductors pulling down on the ilium raise the pelvis up. This tilting of the pelvis happens when we walk to help the opposite foot take a step
53
Where do the gluteal and sciatic nerves arise
from the sacral plexus
54
What forms the sacral plexus
anterior rami of L5, S1, S2 and S3
55
What do the nerves leave the pelvis through
the greater sciatic foramen
56
What does the superior gluteal nerve supply
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata
57
What does the inferior gluteal nerve supply
gluteus maximus
58
What does the sciatic nerve supply in the thigh
semitendinosus, semimembranousus and biceps femorus and posterior part of adductor magnus
59
Where does the sciatic nerve run
down the middle of the thigh, deep to it is quadratus femorus and lower down adductor magnus
60
Which muscle covers the sciatic nerve
The long head of biceps femorus which crosses over the nerve obliquely
61
What forms the lumbar plexus
the anterior rami of L1-L4
62
What group of muscles is in the anterior compartment of the lower limb
extensors
63
What group of muscles is in the posterior compartment of the lower limb
flexors
64
What is the nerve, artery and vein in the anterior thigh
femoral
65
What is the nerve, artery and vein in the medial thigh
femoral artery and vein. Obturator nerve
66
What is the nerve, artery and vein in the posterior thigh
Profunda femoris artery and vein. Sciatic nerve
67
What is the nerve, artery and vein in the anterior leg
Anterior tibial artery and vein. Deep fibular nerve
68
What is the nerve, artery and vein in the lateral leg
Anterior tibial and fibular artery. Anterior tibial vein. Superficial fibular nerve
69
What is the nerve, artery and vein in the posterior leg
posterior tibial artery and vein. Tibial nerve
70
What is the nerve, artery and vein in the foot
deep and superficial plantar arches artery. Medial and lateral plantar and deep fibular nerve
71
What do muscles in the anterior thigh do
extend the leg
72
What do muscles in the anterior leg do
dorsiflexion of the foot. Extension of the digits
73
What do the muscles in the medial section fo the thigh do
adduction of thigh
74
What do the muscles in the posterior section of the thigh do
flexion of the leg
75
What do the muscles in the lateral section of the leg do
eversion of the foot
76
What do the muscles in the posterior section of the leg do
Plantarflexion of the foot. Flexion of the digits
77
Dermatomes for lateral cutaneous innervation of thigh
L2 and L3
78
Dermatomes for posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
S1-S3
79
Dermatomes for the lateral sural cutaneous nerve
L4-S2
80
Myotomes for adduction
L1-L4
81
Myotomes for abduction
L5/S1
82
Myotomes for inversion of toes
L4 and L5
83
Myotomes for eversion of toes
L5 and S1
84
Myotomes for extension of leg and thigh
L3/L4 and L2/L3
85
Myotomes for flexion of leg and thigh
L5/S1 and L4/L5
86
Myotomes for dorsiflexion
L4 and L5
87
Myotomes for plantarflexion
S1 and S2
88
Vein supply of lower limb
femoral -> popliteal -> anterior tibial and posterior tibial. Fibular comes off posterior tibial
89
Arterial supply of lower limb
External iliac -> femoral (branch of profunda femoris) -> popliteal -> anterior and posterior tibial.
90
What are the branches of the posterior tibial artery
fibular artery, lateral and medial plantar artery (form the deep and superficial arches)
91

Anatomy (21 decks)

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