Posterior thigh, popliteal fossa and posterior leg

Question 1

What is the lateral boundary of the gluteal region

Answer 1

lateral side of the thigh

Question 2

What is the superior boundary of the gluteal region

Answer 2

ileal crest

Question 3

What is the medial boundary of the gluteal region

Answer 3

sacrum, coccyx and anus

Question 4

What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal region

Answer 4

inferior border of gluteus maximus

Question 5

Name the superficial gluteal muscles

Answer 5

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Question 6

Name the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 6

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris and obturator externus

Question 7

Where does gluteus maximus insert

Answer 7

onto the deep fascia on the lateral side (iliotibial tract)

Question 8

What is the function of gluteus maximus

Answer 8

extension of the hip joint

Question 9

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus

Answer 9

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 10

What is the function and innervates gluteus medius

Answer 10

hip abduction and is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

What is the function and innervates gluteus minimus

Answer 11

hip abduction and is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

Question 12

Where does piriformis leave the pelvis

Answer 12

through the greater sciatic foramen

Question 13

where does piriformis insert

Answer 13

onto the greater trochanter

Question 14

Where does the superior gemellus muscle arise

Answer 14

from ischial spine

Question 15

Where does the superior gemellus muscle insert

Answer 15

onto the greater trochanter

Question 16

What is the general function of the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 16

lateral rotation of the hip joint

Question 17

Where does the superior gluteal artery and superior gluteal nerve pass through

Answer 17

the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis

Question 18

What structures are inferior to the piriformis

Answer 18

inferior gluteal artery and inferior gluteal nerve

Question 19

Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis

Answer 19

through the greater sciatic foramen

Question 20

What does the sciatic nerve innervate

Answer 20

the posterior thigh

Question 21

What is the sacral tuberous ligament

Answer 21

part of the attachment of the gluteus maximus

Question 22

What is fascia lata

Answer 22

the deep fascia of the thigh

Question 23

Name the hamstring muscles

Answer 23

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 24

What are the 2 heads of biceps femoris

Answer 24

short and long head

Question 25

Where do semitendinosus and semimembranosus arise and insert

Answer 25

from ischial tuberosity and insert on the medial side of the knee

Question 26

Where does biceps femoris arise and insert

Answer 26

arises from the ischial tuberosity (long head) and the femur (short head) and inserts on the head of the fibula

Question 27

What is the function of the hamstring

Answer 27

flexion of knee joint. The long head of biceps, semitendinosus and semimembranosus are involved in extension of hip joint

Question 28

What do the hamstring muscles do when quadriceps resists flexion of the knee

Answer 28

produces extension of the hip

Question 29

What do the hamstring muscles do when hip flexors resist extension of the knee

Answer 29

produce flexion of the knee

Question 30

What do the hamstring muscles do when the knee is flexed

Answer 30

medial (from the 2 semi muscles) and lateral (from biceps femoris) rotation at the knee joint

Question 31

What is the medial superior border of the popliteal fossa

Answer 31

semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Question 32

What is the lateral superior border of the popliteal fossa

Answer 32

biceps femoris

Question 33

What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa

Answer 33

medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 34

What is the shape of the popliteal fossa

Answer 34

a diamond shape

Question 35

Name the superficial structures seen on top of the popliteal fossa

Answer 35

sural nerve and the small saphenous vein

Question 36

Where does the small saphenous vein drain

Answer 36

into the popliteal vein

Question 37

What forms the sural nerve

Answer 37

the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve and the sural communicating branch

Question 38

Where does the sciatic nerve run

Answer 38

exits via the greater sciatic foramen, comes down and passes through the hamstring muscles (deep to biceps femoris)

Question 39

Where does the sciatic nerve divide

Answer 39

4cm superior to popliteal fossa

Question 40

What does the sciatic nerve divide into

Answer 40

the tibial nerve (medial and is thicker) and the common fibular (peroneal) nerve (lateral, and is thinner)

Question 41

Where does the common fibular nerve run

Answer 41

goes towards the fibular neck (diverges laterally, running just behind the tendon of biceps femoris)

Question 42

Where does the common fibular nerve divide

Answer 42

after it passes around the neck of the fibular, and passes into the peroneus longus

Question 43

What does the common fibular nerve divide into

Answer 43

the superficial fibular and deep fibular nerve

Question 44

Where does the tibial nerve run

Answer 44

continues down the popliteal fossa in the midline and then passes between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius (along with the popliteal vessels) and goes into the posterior leg

Question 45

What does the tibial nerve innervate

Answer 45

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, popliteus, gastrocnemius, plantaris and long head of biceps femoris

Question 46

What does the common fibular nerve supply

Answer 46

short head of biceps femoris

Question 47

What gives the blood supply to the posterior thigh

Answer 47

perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

Question 48

Where do the femoral vessels run

Answer 48

they pass beneath the roof of the adductor canal and through the adductor hiatus, they emerge behind adductor magnus

Question 49

What are the popliteal artery and vein

Answer 49

are a continuation of femoral artery and femoral vein as they pass through the adductor hiatus (opening in the adductor Magnus)

Question 50

Where does the sciatic nerve join the popliteal vessels

Answer 50

a little above the knee

Question 51

At the back of the knee where does the popliteal artery lie

Answer 51

deep to the nerve and popliteal vein

Question 52

What does the popliteal artery give off above the knee

Answer 52

the lateral and medial superior genicular arteries

Question 53

What does the popliteal artery give off at the knee

Answer 53

it gives off the 2 heads of gastrocnemius, and below the knee it gives off 2 inferior genicular arteries (medial and lateral).

Question 54

Where does the popliteal artery disappear to

Answer 54

deep to the 2 heads of gastrocnemius

Question 55

Where do sartorius and gracilis arise and insert

Answer 55

close to semitendinosus and arises on the anterior superior iliac spine

Question 56

What does the obturator nerve supply

Answer 56

supplies obturator externus, adductor brevis and longus, and the anterior part of adductor magnus

Question 57

What does the femoral nerve supply

Answer 57

iliacus, pectineus, all 4 heads of quadriceps and sartorius

Question 58

What does the obturator and femoral nerve give off

Answer 58

sensory branches

Question 59

Where does the popliteus muscle arise from

Answer 59

back of the tibia

Question 60

Where does the popliteus muscle insert

Answer 60

onto the lateral epicondyle of the femur

Question 61

What does the tendon of popliteus pass through

Answer 61

the capsule of the knee joint

Question 62

What is the function of the popliteus muscle

Answer 62

It is a minor flexor of the knee and can produce medial rotation of the tibia

Question 63

What muscle is on top of popliteus

Answer 63

small plantaris muscle

Question 64

Where does the small plantaris muscle arise

Answer 64

from the lateral epicondyle of the femur

Question 65

Where does the tendon of the small plantaris muscle run

Answer 65

down the back of the soleus muscle

Question 66

What muscle is on top of plantaris and popliteus

Answer 66

gastrocnemius

Question 67

Where do the 2 heads of gastrocnemius arise

Answer 67

from the back of medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Question 68

Where does gastrocnemius travel

Answer 68

runs downward and joins with the soleus muscle to form the calcaneal tendon

Question 69

What is the function of gastrocnemius

Answer 69

slight flexion of the knee but mainly acts on the ankle joint

Question 70

Which muscles flex the leg at the knee

Answer 70

gastrocnemius and plantaris

Question 71

Which muscles plantar flex and invert the foot

Answer 71

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior

Question 72

Which muscles flex the digits

Answer 72

flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus