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Psychology: Memory (AQA) > Cues > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cues Deck (42)
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1
Q

another theory of memory suggests that being able to recall a piece of information depends on having the right…

A

cues

2
Q

in this theory, forgetting is treated as…

A

a retrieval failure

3
Q

the information still exists in memory but it isn’t

A

accessable

4
Q

we have more chance of retrieving the memory if the cue is

A

appropiate

5
Q

the cue has to be appropriate because it could be

A

internal or external

6
Q

internal

A

mood

7
Q

external

A

context

8
Q

we are more likely to remember if we are in the same

A

context/mood as we were when we coded the information origionally

9
Q

being in the same context to remember something is known as

A

cue-dependant learning

10
Q

Study

A

Tulving and Psotka (1971)

11
Q

Study date

A

1971

12
Q

Method: Tulving and Psotka compared the theories of

A

interference and cue-dependant forgetting

13
Q

Method: each participant was given either

A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 lists of 24 words

14
Q

Method: each list was divided into…

A

6 categories of 4 words

15
Q

Method: words were presented in…

A

category order

16
Q

Method: Condition 1

A

participants had to simply recall the words

17
Q

Method: Condition 1 name

A

total free recall

18
Q

Method: Condition 2

A

participants were given the categories and had to recall all the words from that category

19
Q

Method: Condition 2 name

A

free cued recall

20
Q

Results: total free recall

A

evidence of retroactive interference

21
Q

Results: 1/2 lists

A

had the highest amounts of recall

22
Q

Results: total cued recall

A

the effects of retroactive interference disappeared

23
Q

Results: Retroactive disappeared

A

it didn’t matter how many lists the participants had, recall stayed the same at 70%

24
Q

Conclusion: the results suggested that…

A

interference does not cause forgetting

25
Q

Conclusion: because the memories became accessible if a cue was used…

A

it showed that they were available, but just inaccessible

26
Q

Conclusion: the forgetting shown in the total recall condition was

A

cue-dependant forgetting

27
Q

Evaluation: the study was a laboratory study meaning…

A

it was highly controlled

28
Q

Evaluation: because the study was conducted in a laboratory…

A

it reduced the effect of extraneous variables

29
Q

Evaluation: laboratory effects lack…

A

ecological validity

30
Q

Evaluation: the setting and tasks are…

A

artificial

31
Q

Evaluation: the results can’t be…

A

generalised

32
Q

Evaluation: Why can’t the results be generalised?

A

the study only tested memory of words

33
Q

cue-dependant forgetting is the…

A

best explanation for forgetting in long term memory

34
Q

why is cue-dependent forgetting the best explanation for forgetting?

A

it has the strongest evidence

35
Q

most forgetting can be caused by…

A

retrieval failure

36
Q

this means that virtually all memories are available in…

A

long term memory

37
Q

we just need the right ___ to access it

A

cues

38
Q

the evidence is

A

artificial

39
Q

lacks meaning in…

A

the real world

40
Q

it would be difficult, if not impossible, to test whether all information in LTM is

A

accessible and available and just waiting for the right cue

41
Q

the theory might not explain

A

all types of memory

42
Q

for example, cues might not be relevant to

A

procedural memory