Cultural Psych. Ch. 5 Flashcards
Interdependent vs. independent self
Advantages of individualism - greater self reliance, greater creativity and innovation, industrialization emerged, greater social freedom and respect for difference. More face to face contact, noun bias, children sleep in their own rooms, authoritative parenting considered ideal. Interdependence- more physical contact, verb bias, children sleep with parents or siblings, ‘training’ parenting style considered ideal.
Dialectal self vs. Linear self
A linear thinker categorizes objects based on abstract principals or rules. A dialectal thinker- objects most likely to be grouped according to relationships or relatively superficial similarities. East Asians show more dialectal thinking, older adults ( in both cultures) show mire dialectal thinking than younger people. Dialectal thinking increased with education in western societies abc decreases with education in East Asian societies.
Factors that influence sleeping arrangements
Variability in sleeping arrangements among vultures, most societies co-sleep (children sleeping in parents room or bed). This I’d due to a difference in values. Ex. Indians valued- incest avoidance, protection of vulnerable, female chastity anxiety, respect for hierarchy. Americans value- incest avoidance, sacred couple, autonomy ideal (children should be self reliant).
Cultural differences in perceptions of change (linear vs. cyclical)
Westerners predict linear trends (going up). East Asians predict cyclical trends (up and down). When shown a linear trend East Asians predict a reversal of the trend (dialectal thinking).
Baumrinds typology of parenting style
Authoritarian- involved high demands on children with strict rules and little open dialogue between parent and child. Low levels of warmth or responsiveness by the parents to the child’s protests. Authoritative- a child centered approach in which parents hold high expectations of the maturity of their children, try to understand their child’s feelings and teach them how to regulate them, encourage children to be independent whole maintaining limits and controls on their behaviors. Parental warmth, responsiveness bad democratic reasoning. Permissive- parents bring very involved with their children with much warmth and responsiveness but placing fee limits and controls on their behaviors.
Sensitive period for cultural acquisition
0-15 is the sensitive time period for identifying with another culture.
Sensitive time period for language acquisition
Sensitive time period for language acquisition is before puberty, our brains are especially pliable for organizing language input at this stage.
East Asian ‘training’ vs. American parenting
East Asian training us an effort to have children adhere to socially desired behaviors often by the child with explicit examples of proper behavior and entrails much devotion and sacrifice by parents. Ex. Spending hours supervising homework and piano practice. Americans more individualistic, more likely to discuss child’s success and positive emotional experiences. East Asians more likely to call to attention their child’s mistakes and how they need to change to better fit in.
Noun bias
Research indicates the first words that young children tend to learn are nouns. This is a cultural difference and is not universal, Chinese toddlers were found to use more verbs than nouns.
Terrible twos
American toddlers are voicing their cultural independence and individualism, saying ‘no’ to everything. Toddlers in Japanese culture show less exertion of autonomy and control, and disobedience. These are signs of immaturity are replaced with reinforcements to fit into the group and belong.
