culture bias Flashcards

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1
Q

define cultural bias

A

ignoring cultural differences and interpreting behaviours through the norms of your own culture

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2
Q

why is cultural bias an issue

A

leads to the misinterpretation of behaviour

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3
Q

define ethnocentrism

A

a belief that your personal culture is superior

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4
Q

why is ethnocentrism an issue

A

leads to prejudice and misinterpretation of cultures

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5
Q

define emic behaviours

A

behavioural constructs particular to a specific culture

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6
Q

define etic behaviours

A

behavioural constructs that are universal to all people

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7
Q

define imposed etics

A

when emics and etics get mistaken for each other

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8
Q

define cultural relativism

A

behaviour can only be properly understood when cultural context is taken into consideration

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9
Q

why is cultural relativism an issue

A

avoids cultural bias but limits universality

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10
Q

outline an example that shows ethnocentrism in cultural research

A
  • Ainsworth’s strange situation

- researchers assume that attachment types have the same meaning for all children from different cultures

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11
Q

outline how cultural bias can have real-world effects with the use of an example

A
  • US army IQ test
  • culturally biased towards the white majority
  • test results showed African-Americans were at the bottom of the IQ scale
  • had a negative effect on the American attitudes towards this group of people
  • encourages stereotypes
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12
Q

explain individualism vs collectivism supporting the fact that culture bias is an unsolvable issue

A
  • individualist cultures value independence and freedom
  • collectivist cultures value group needs
  • cultures not comparable in terms of origins of behaviour
  • cause an etic to be imposed leading to compromised validity of any theory construction
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13
Q

explain how culture bias in textbooks is a limitation

A
  • to deal with culture bias is dealing with it when it occurs
  • Smith and Bond found that 98% studies in textbooks were either American or European
  • suggests research is unrepresentative and and can be improved by selecting different cultures to study
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14
Q

explain how the emergence of indigenous psychologies is a strength

A
  • theories focusing on experiences of people in different cultural contexts
  • eg afrosentrism
  • led to emergence of theories more relevant to the cultures of people not only in Africa but also those removed from their roots
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