CV I

Question 1

What is the goal of HTN tx?

Answer 1

reduce mortality & morbidity

Question 2

<120/80

Answer 2

Healthy BP

Question 3

> /= 160/100

Answer 3

Stage II HTN

Question 4

> /= 180/120

Answer 4

HTN crisis

Question 5

ways to reduce cardiac output

Answer 5

decrease HR, contraction, venous return

Question 6

How to reduce PVR?

Answer 6

vasodilation via direct, central, and ganglionic action

Question 7

How does angiotensin II work?

Answer 7

direct vasconstriction, increased sympathetic tone, causes release of aldosterone

Question 8

How does aldosterone work?

Answer 8

alters renal fx, alters cardiac structure

Question 9

What are the 4 components of the R-A-A targets for HTN tx?

Answer 9

inhibit renin, block ACE, block A2 receptors, block aldosterone

Question 10

HTN drug groups

Answer 10

diuretics, sympathetic drugs, vasodilators, R-A-A blockers

Question 11

these drug names end in -sin

Answer 11

alpha blocker

Question 12

these drug names end in -pine

Answer 12

calcium channel blocker

Question 13

What is are adverse side effects of thiazide diuretics

Answer 13

hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, ED, hyperuricemia, increased lipids, rash

Question 14

What diuretic do you not give renal failure pt for HTN?

Answer 14

thiazide

Question 15

What are the adverse side effects of furosemide?

Answer 15

hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia

Question 16

What are the two classes of potassium sparing diuretics?

Answer 16

luminal membrane agents, mineralocorticoid antagonists

Question 17

Luminal Agent toxicities include (4)

Answer 17

Hyperkalemia, increased urinary calcium stones, GI upset, don’t use in renal failure

Question 18

What meds do you not combine luminal agents with?

Answer 18

ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS

Question 19

mineralcortacoid receptor antagonist

Answer 19

blocks effects of aldosterone

Question 20

What are the adverse effects of mineralcortacoid receptor antagonists?

Answer 20

Anti-androgenic effects, hyperkalemia

Question 21

What are the 4 types of beta blockers?

Answer 21

non-selective, selective, combined beta and alpha 1, blocker/partial agonist

Question 22

Which beta receptors are metoprolol and atenolol more specific to?

Answer 22

B1>B2

Question 23

What receptors are present in carvedilol and Labetalol?

Answer 23

beta 1&2, alpha 1

Question 24

ISA beta blockers have less issues with ___ and ___.

Answer 24

bradycardia and metabolic effects

Question 25

When do you use ISA beta blockers?

Answer 25

diabetics or pt with slow HR

Question 26

Strongly selective beta blockers work to cause ____ by _______.

Answer 26

vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide

Question 27

What node does beta blockers effect?

Answer 27

AV node

Question 28

What needs to be avoided in beta blocker therapy?

Answer 28

abrupt cessation

Question 29

What kinds of pts should/must be on beta blockers?

Answer 29

CHF or recent MI

Question 30

alpha adrenergic blocking agents do what?

Answer 30

decrease vessel resistance, relax bladder

Question 31

reflex tachy, postural syncope when taking alpha blocker is called ____.

Answer 31

1st dose phenomenon

Question 32

What are the four classes of centrally acting agents?

Answer 32

Clonidine, Methyldopa, ganglionic blockers, postganglionic blockers

Question 33

Centrally acting symp agent, Clonidine, helps with what?

Answer 33

used in renal disease and is effective against vasomotor flushes

Question 34

What drug is considered to be a vasodilator?

Answer 34

calcium channel blocker

Question 35

T/F, for the most part, diuretics needed with calcium channel blockers

Answer 35

FALSE

Question 36

Calcium chaneel blockers are especially useful in these patients (3)?

Answer 36

diabetes, asthma, angina

Question 37

What is the side effect of Ca Channel blockers that is complained about the most?

Answer 37

constipation

Question 38

Additive to beta blockers utilized for HTN management in pregnancy, may cause lupus like syndrome

Answer 38

Hydralazine

Question 39

adjunct to diuretic and beta blockers in severe HTN

Answer 39

minoxidil

Question 40

Renin inhibitor with renoprotective effects when combined with an ARB

Answer 40

Aliskiren

Question 41

What are the dose dependent adverse side effects of ACEIs?

Answer 41

hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, teratogenic

Question 42

What two adverse effects are less in ARBs versus ACEIs?

Answer 42

cough and angioedema are less prevelant

Question 43

What are the primary single drug choices for HTN?

Answer 43

diuretic, ACE, ARB, calcium channel blocker

Question 44

multi-drug HTN strategy

Answer 44

ACEI or ARB + diuretic (+ vasodilator)

Question 45

Diabetes get these HTN drugs

Answer 45

ACE/ARB/Ca Chan B

Question 46

ACEI, Beta blockers are used in which pt disease group?

Answer 46

Coronary Heart disease

Question 47

HTN therapy for renal disease

Answer 47

ACEI, Ca Chan Block, renin inhibitor, ARB

Question 48

BPH medication for HTN

Answer 48

alpha blocker

Question 49

Medical tx of HTN emergency

Answer 49

Vasodilators, alpha and betas, dopamine agonist