CV System review

Question 1

Primary function of the CV system

Answer 1

Deliver oxygenated blood to tissues

Return deoxygenated blood to heart

Question 2

What part of the vascular system is this?

• Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues
• High-pressure system
• Artery>Arteriole>Capillaries

Answer 2

Arterial system

Question 3

What part of the vascular system is this

• Oxygen and nutrients delivered to tissues
• Cellular waste removed from tissues
• Capillaries are abundant in body

Answer 3

Capillary bed

Question 4

What part of the vascular system is this

• Contains valves to prevent backflow
• Carries blood back to heart
• Low-pressure system
• Veins>Venules>Capillaries

Answer 4

Venous system

Question 5

Blood supply to the heart 1

Answer 5

Left coronary artery

Question 6

Branches of Left coronary artery

Answer 6

• Left anterior descending (LAD) branch
• Circumflex branch

Question 7

What supplies these areas with blood?

• Both ventricles
• Anterior interventricular septum
• Anterior wall of the heart
• Left atrium
• Posterior wall of the left ventricle

Answer 7

Left coronary artery

Question 8

Blood supply to the heart 2

Answer 8

Right coronary artery

Question 9

branches in the right coronary artery

Answer 9

• Right marginal branch
• Posterior Interventricular branch

Question 10

What supplies these areas with blood?

• Lateral aspect of right atrium and ventricle
• Posterior aspect of both ventricles and interventricular septum

Answer 10

Right coronary artery

Question 11

Receives deoxygenated blood

Answer 11

Right Atrium

Question 12

• Receives blood from right atrium
• Then goes to lungs (pulmonary artery

Answer 12

Right Ventricle

Question 13

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs

Answer 13

Left Atrium

Question 14

• Receives blood from left atrium (pulmonary vein)
• Then out the Aorta to systemic circulation

Answer 14

Left Ventricle

Question 15

• located between the atrium and ventricles.
• When they open blood flows from atria to ventricles
• When they close it prevents backflow of blood

Answer 15

Atrioventricular Valves

Question 16

facilitate one-way flow of blood

Answer 16

Heart Valves

Question 17

located between ventricles and their respective arteries

Answer 17

Semilunar valves

Question 18

Chambers of the heart

Answer 18

Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle

Question 19

Layers of the heart

Answer 19

• Epicardium
• Mycardium
• Endocardium

Question 20

thin, outer layer of the heart

Answer 20

Epicardium

Question 21

thick, middle layer of the heart. Responsible for contracting

Answer 21

Mycardium

Question 22

thin, inner layer of heart and valves

Answer 22

Endocardium

Question 23

Order of cardiac conduct system

Answer 23

1. SA node fires
2. AV node
3. Bundle of His
4. Right and left bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers

Question 24

Process in which the membrane potential, the difference in charge between the interior and exterior of the cell, changes or goes up and down in a consistent pattern.

Answer 24

Cardiac action potential

Question 25

Movement of ions preceding and facilitating cardiac mechanical contraction.

Answer 25

Depolarization

Question 26

The movement of ions back to the resting state, the cardiac resting membrane potential of –90 mV, to allow for the initiation of another action potential.

Answer 26

Repolarization

Question 27

The cell is unresponsive to any stimulus.

Answer 27

Absolute refractory period

Question 28

T greater-than-normal stimulus may initiate an impulse

Answer 28

Relative refractory period

Question 29

How can action potential's response be measured?

Answer 29

EKG or ECG

Question 30

Blood ejected from left side of the heart each minute to facilitate the delivery of oxygen & nutrients to the tissues

Answer 30

Cardiac Output

Question 31

4 Determinants of Cardiac Output

Answer 31

* Heart Rate (HR) * Preload * Afterload * Contractility

Question 32

Cardiac output formula

Answer 32

HR X SV(stroke volume) = CO

Question 33

Normal CO in adults

Answer 33

4 to 7 L/min

Question 34

The amount of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction. Comprised of the preload, afterload, and contractility.

Answer 34

Stroke volume

Question 35

The amount of blood returned to the right side of the heart at the end of diastole

Answer 35

Preload

Question 36

Pressure that the left ventricle has to pump against or the resistance it must overcome to circulate blood

Answer 36

Afterload

Question 37

Force / strength of contraction of the heart muscle

Answer 37

Contractility

Question 38

Increase afterload causes....

Answer 38

decreases stroke volume, decreases CO

Question 39

Decrease afterload

Answer 39

increases stroke volume, increases CO

Question 40

Increase in cardiac output will promote _______

Answer 40

Blood flow

Question 41

Decrease in cardiac output will decrease ________

Answer 41

blood flow

Question 42

What can decrease contractility?

Answer 42

Hypoxia or acidosis

Question 43

What can increase contractility

Answer 43

Release of calcium or sympathetic stimulation

Question 44

Decreased cardiac output indicates what?

Answer 44

* Less volume * Decreased perfusion to vital organs

Question 45

Increased cardiac output

Answer 45

* More volume * Can be caused by hypervolemia

Question 46

Normal EF

Answer 46

50-70%

Question 47

% of blood expelled from the left ventricle with every contraction

Answer 47

EJECTION FRACTION or EF

Question 48

How can afterload be measured?

Answer 48

Systolic BP

Question 49

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 49

Right side of heart

Question 50

Carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

Answer 50

Left side of heart