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2nd year, 1st sem > cytogen chromosome > Flashcards

cytogen chromosome Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

threadlike structure made up of DNA

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

found in the nucleus of each cell

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

unit of heredty

A

gene

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4
Q

chromosome was 1st described by him

A

Eduard Adolf Strasburger

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5
Q

he is the first used the term “chromosome”

A

Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz

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6
Q

color

A

chromo

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7
Q

body

A

soma

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8
Q

positive ion

A

cation (basic)

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9
Q

negative ion

A

anion (acidic)

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10
Q

it is located at the center to which the chromatids or spindle fibers are attached

A

Centromere

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11
Q

each half of the chromosome joined

A

Chromatid

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12
Q

positive electrophoresis

A

anode

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13
Q

negative electrophoresis

A

cathode

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14
Q

terminal region of each side of the chromosome

A

telomers

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15
Q

protect the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled

A

Telomers

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16
Q

it is the short arm

A

p Arm

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17
Q

it is the long arm

A

q Arm

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18
Q

also responsible for the foundation for kinetochore assembly

A

Centromere

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19
Q

centromeres are located near the chromosomes center

A

Metacentric

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20
Q

metacentric can be seen in

A

chromosome 1

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21
Q

centromeres are non-centrally located so that one arm is longer than the other

A

Submetacentric

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22
Q

submetacentric can be seen in

A

chromosome 5

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23
Q

centromeres are located near the end of a chromosome

A

acrocentric

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24
Q

acrocentric can be seen in

A

chromosome 13

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25
centromeres are found at the end or telomere region of a chromosome
telocentric
26
telocentric can be seen in
trisomy 21
27
how many chromosomes can be seen in trisomy 21 and ika pila siya
3 chromosomes, 21th
28
chromosome with a missing centromere
acentric chromosome
29
chromosome with two centromere
dicentric chromosome
30
a disc-shaped protein structure which assembles on the centromere before cell division
kinetochore
31
attaches spindle microtubules which is essential for appropriate chromosomal segregation during mitosis
kinetochore
32
dark staining
heterochromatic or heterochromatin region
33
light staining
euchromatic or euchromatin region
34
what are the heterochromatin classification
constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin
35
it stays permanently in heterochromatic stage
constitutive heterochromatin
36
it does not revert to euchromatic stage
constitutive heterochromatin
37
euchromatin that takes on the staining
facultative heterochromatin
38
it has approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA are packed into 23 chromosome
haploid genome
39
most cells in the body except for female ovary and male sperm
diploid
40
6 billion base pairs of DNA are packed into 23 pairs chromosome
diploid human genome
41
size of each base pair
0.34 nanometer long
42
each diploid cell
2 meters of DNA
43
50 trillion cells in human body
100 trillion meters of DNA per human
44
a circular dna molecule
prokaryote
45
2 diploid daughter
mitosis
46
4 haploid
meiosis
47
consist of short nucleotide sequences, which are repeated multiple times
telomere
48
gold standard for precise DNA image cytometry
feulgen staining
49
it allows cells to be subjected to mild hydrolysis
1N HCl at 600 degree celsius fot 10 minutes
50
Giemsa stain (blood)
G Banding
51
AT-rich region stain darker than GC-rich regions
G banding
52
reverse stain
r banding
53
GC-rich region stain darker than AT-rich regions
R Banding
54
Quinacrine fluorescent due stains AT-rich regions
Q Banding
55
stains heterochromatic regions close to the centromeres
C Banding
56
usually stains the entire long arm of the Y chromosome
C Banding
57
Classifies mitotic chromosomes according to their fluorescence and light scattering as they move in a single file rapidly in a narrow stream of liquid
Flow Cytometry
58
it is also known as Multiplex-FISH (M-Fish)
Spectral Karyotyping (SKY)
59
other name of SKY
Multiplex-FISH (M-FISH)
60
Simultaneous visualization of each chromosome pair in different color
Spectral Karyotyping (SKY)
61
Molecular cytogenetic method that allows the analysis of the entire genome is a single experiment
Comparative Genomic Hybridization
62
Use of this method is limited to the detection of quantitative genome changes (amplification/deletion)
Comparative Genomic Hybridization
63
Use of this method is limited to the detection of quantitative genome changes (amplification/deletion)
Comparative Genomic Hybridization

2nd year, 1st sem (41 decks)

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