Data handling and analysis and inferential testing Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is nominal data
categorical data e.g. hair colour
what is ordinal data
data that has an order/rank/position (unequal positions) e.g. places in a race
what is interval data
data that has equal intervals between the data e.g. temperature, weight
what is parametric data
we can assume that the data will fall on the normal distribution curve
what is the measure of central tendency and dispersion for nominal data
mode, n/a
what is the measure of central tendency and dispersion for ordinal data
median, range
what is the measure of central tendency and dispersion
mean, standard deviation
when would you use a Chi squared test
- test of difference OR association
- unrelated design (independent groups)
- nominal data
- (rows - 1) x (columns - 1) degrees of freedom
- X^2 must be more than the critical value for the data to be significant
when would you use the sign test
- test of difference
- related (repeated measures)
- nominal
- the degrees of freedom is the number of participants minus any participants who generate the same difference
- to be significant the S value needs to be equal to or less than the critical value
what is the Mann Whitney test
- test of difference
- unrelated design (independent groups)
- ordinal data
- degrees of freedom is the total number of participants in both conditions
- U must be less than the critical value for the data to be significant
what is the Wilcoxon test
- test of difference
- related design (repeated measures)
- ordinal data
- degrees of freedom is number of participants minus any joint ranked scores
- T must be less than the critical value for the data to be significant
what is the Spearman’s Rho
- test of correlation
- ordinal data
- degrees of freedom is the total number of pairs for the correlation
- rho must be more than the critical value for the data to be significant
what is the unrelated T test
- test of difference
- unrelated design (independent groups)
- interval data (parametric)
- degrees of freedom is the total number of participants in both conditions minus 2
- t must be more than the critical value for the data to be significant
what is the related T test
- test of difference
- releated design (repeated measures)
- interval data (parametric)
- degrees of freedom is total number of participants minus 1
- t must be more than the critical value for the data to be significant
what is the Pearson’s Rho test
- test of difference (correlation)
- interval data (parametric)
- degrees of freedom is the total number of participants
- to have a significant difference r must be more than the critical value
what is the minimal p value that psychology accept
p<0.05
how do we do the sign test
- workout number of + and - signs (substract conditions)
- ignore any that have no difference (need to adjust number of participants)
- take the LOWEST total and that is the calculated value
what will a test for association be
looking for a correlation
what will a test of be difference be
an experiment
what do inferential statistics show us
whether the IV affected the DV (likelihood that this occurred)
based of probability
what do descriptive statistics show us
describe patterns/trends in data and tell us what we are seeing
what are the 2 types of descriptive data
- measures of central tendency
- measures of dispersion
what are measures of central tendency
average (mean, median or mode)
what are measures fo dispersion
spread in a data set (range, standard deviation)
