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Question 1

If a patient has rheumatic fever, splinter hemorrhages and slowly developing illness, what might they possibly have? What organism might they have?

Answer 1

bacteremia/endocarditisstreptococcus bovis

Question 2

T-F–streptococcus bovis is not found as normal flora in the human?

Answer 2

False

Question 3

T-F—streptococcus bovis is found as normal flora on our skin?

Answer 3

False–GI tract

Question 4

Is Strep bovis beta hemolytic?

Answer 4

No–non hemolytic or alpha hemolytic

Question 5

T-F–strep bovis causes gastrointestinal malignancy?

Answer 5

False–its actually not known whether or not it causes it or grows more heavily as a result of it.

Question 6

What percent of persons with colon polyps/colon cancer have S. bovis in the colon?

Answer 6

56%

Question 7

T-F–colon cancer patients have much higher percentages of enterococci than S. Bovis?

Answer 7

False–opposite is true.

Question 8

Why might s. bovis be found more in malignancies than enterococci?

Answer 8

increased virulence in comparison.

Question 9

What is S. bovis endocarditis characterized by?

Answer 9

large destructive lesions

Question 10

In the patient with S. bovis, what does the physician need to do for treatment?

Answer 10

antibiotics/supportive careTEST FOR COLON CANCER!!!

Question 11

What bacteria is characterized by alpha hemolytic, catalase negative, optochin sensitive diplococci?

Answer 11

strep pneumoniae

Question 12

What are the key virulence factors of strep pneumoniae? [3]

Answer 12

• 85 serotypes of antiphagocytic polysacch. capsules-pneumolysin-IgA1 protease

Question 13

How is strep pneumoniae transmitted?

Answer 13

droplet infection

Question 14

T-F—s. pneumoniae is the number one cause of pneumonia?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What does s. pneumoniae need to combine with to be the most common cause of otitis media?

Answer 15

Haemophilus influenza

Question 16

What is the most common cause of meningitis?

Answer 16

strep. pneumoniae

Question 17

In the case of meningitis for strep pneumoniae what is the fatality rate reduced by?

Answer 17

anti-inflammatory corticosteroids with antibiotics.[THIS DISEASE IS HIGHLY INFLAMMATORY]

Question 18

How can be prevent strep pneumoniae infections?

Answer 18

vaccinations against capsules

Question 19

What are the percentages of meningitis causes in neonates in the following infections?-Group B strep-E. coli-Listeria monoctogenes-Strep pneumoniae, Neisseria

Answer 19

• 40%-40%-10%-10%

Question 20

What is the most common cause of meningitis in young children 3 mo to 7 years?

Answer 20

Haemophilus influenza type b in unvaccinated children only

Question 21

What are the 2 most common causes of meningitis in older individuals?

Answer 21

strep pneumoniaeneisseria meningitidis

Question 22

What hemolysis category is viridans streptococci usually in? where is it found?

Answer 22

alpha-hemolyticnormal flora of throat

Question 23

What cause dental caries?

Answer 23

strep mutans

Question 24

How does the strep cause caries?

Answer 24

makes dextran polymer from sucrose metabolism and then demineralizes teeth from acid production

Question 25

Strep mutans are what type of anaerobes?

Answer 25

aerotolerant

Question 26

What percentage of infection endocarditis is caused by veridans streptococci? When does this normally occur?

Answer 26

35%- normally occurs in persons with pre-existing myocardial damage

Question 27

T-F---enterococci used to be classified as streptococci?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What two enterococci are potentially highly antibiotic resistant even to vancomycin?

Answer 28

E. faecalisE. Faecium

Question 29

What type of aerobe/anaerobe is enterococci?

Answer 29

aerotolerant anaerobes[but can persist in nature for extended periods of time]

Question 30

What hemolysis groups are enterococci?

Answer 30

non or Beta hemolysis due to cytolysin

Question 31

Why do many strains of enterococci aggregate?

Answer 31

large molecular weight surface protein called aggregation substance binds to lipoteichoic acid

Question 32

What 3 bacterias aggregate to cause human disease?

Answer 32

staph aureusvirdans strepenterococci

Question 33

In what people does enterococci cause disease?

Answer 33

immune compromised and in elderly

Question 34

What pathogen is sometimes called the end of life pathogen?

Answer 34

enterococci

Question 35

What major things does enterococci cause?

Answer 35

UTIsepsis15% of infective endocarditis

Question 36

What is the major cause of infectious endocarditis? percentages?

Answer 36

staph aureus 45%Viridans strep 35%Enterococcus faecalis and faecium 15%

Question 37

T-F--enterococci can transfer antibiotic resistance to other gram positive bacteria?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is the management protocol for infectious endocarditis?

Answer 38

antibioticssupportive carevalve replacementmanage other complications like stroke