Definitions Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

Urbanisation

A

Growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas- as a %

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2
Q

Urban growth

A

Growth of people living in urban areas

Measured in numbers of people

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3
Q

CBD

A

Central business district

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4
Q

Brownfield site

A

Land that has previously been build on

Derelict

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5
Q

Greenfield site

A

Land that hasn’t previously been built on

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6
Q

Urban pull factor

A

Things pulling people to urban areas

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7
Q

Rural push factor

A

Things pushing people away from rural areas to urban areas

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8
Q

Sustainability

A

The physical characteristics that make up a city including its size and shape and population density and how it is arranged (eg land patterns in diff areas)

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9
Q

Inner city

A

Area closest to the CBD

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10
Q

World city

A

An interconnected global economic centres that has a significant influence on the world economy

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11
Q

Urban expansion

A

Increase in the physical size of an urban place

Measured for each urban place in KM2

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12
Q

Bid price model

A

A model which shows the structure of a typical urban place I The UK

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13
Q

Counter urbanisation

A

The movement of people out of the city into the surrounding villages and rural areas

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14
Q

Suburbanisation

A

Migration of people from the inner city to the outskirts of cities

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15
Q

Urban resurgence

A

Movement of people back to the city centre

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16
Q

Gentrification

A

Process of regeneration by affluent individuals

It usually occurs in deprived inner urban areas

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17
Q

Out of town retailing

A

Shops and services out of town- less people shop in CBD who can easier access these

Can cause deindustrialisation

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18
Q

Deprivation

A

Being without something

Eg deprived area- don’t have enough to live comfortably

19
Q

Mega city

A

Metropolitan area- total pop in excess of 10 mill

20
Q

Social segregation

A

Segregation into different social groups

21
Q

Rural urban migration

A

People moving from rural areas to urban areas

22
Q

Hubs of business transport and trade

A

World cities have strong connections to the rest of the world

Eg by internet, electric communication, air

23
Q

Alpha ++

A

Highest classification of city

Eg London

24
Q

Production hub

A

Feature of world city

Decisions about marketing and production across work are made by TNCs whose headquarters are in world cities

25
Political hubs
Feauture of world city Make decisions Often dictate through politicians tracing and economic links between countries Influence and participate in international events (eg GB summits) and world affairs
26
Migration hubs
Feature of world city - they attract talented people
27
Shanty town
a deprived area on the outskirts of a town consisting of large numbers of shanty dwellings.
28
Informal work
Work that is neither taxed, nor monitored by any form of government.
29
Formal work
Work that is taxed, and monitored by form of government.
30
Urban sprawl
the spread of an urban area into what used to be countryside. Beyond the suburbs, many towns and cities have a green belt to stop urban sprawl. an unplanned urban area that has spread into what used to be rural land.
31
Natural increase
n demographics, the rate of natural increase (RNI) is the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
32
Migration
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
33
Infrastructure
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise
34
Desertification
the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
35
Ethnicity
the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.
36
Age structure
it's a summary of the number of individuals of each age in the population
37
Housing tenure
refers to the financial arrangements under which someone has the right to live in a house or apartment. The most frequent forms are tenancy, in which rent is paid to a landlord, and owner-occupancy.
38
Cultural diversity
the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
39
Decentralisation
the movement of shops, offices and industry away from urban centres in MEDCs and NICs into retail and business parks in the suburbs. Recent trends have been to decentralise still further out into many semi-rural locations. High land and labour costs are two of the main push factors.
40
PLVI
A peak land value intersection is the region within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce.
41
Conurbation
an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city.
42
Manufacturing industry
Secondary sector Eg factory
43
Sustainability
meeting today's needs and protecting the environment and resources for the future
44
Post modern city
A new urban form characterised by a patchwork of changing land use and striking architecture