Dentistry (1-4) Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
name the 4 criteria of a normal bite
A
- jaws symmetrical
- incisor scissor bite
- mandibular canine tooth bisects space between opposing maxillary third incisor tooth and canine tooth
- pinking shear of premolars
2
Q
name the class of malocclusion
neutrocclusion;
individual teeth are in the incorrect position, but the jaw lengths are correct
A
class 1
3
Q
name the class of malocclusion
mandibular distoclusion;
occurs when the lower jaw is shorter relative to the length of the he upper jaw
A
class 2
4
Q
name the class of malocclusion
mandibular mesioclusion;
occurs when the lower jaw is too long relative to the upper jaw and the lower teeth protrude in front of corresponding upper teeth
A
class 3
5
Q
name 5 equipment requirements for a dental procedure
A
- good light source
- periodontal probe and sharp explorer
- dental mirror
- mouth props
- dental radiography
6
Q
what numbering system is used for the teeth
A
Triadan numbering system
7
Q
name the dental formula for the adult dog
A
i3/3 c1/1 p4/4 m2/3
(42 permanent teeth)
8
Q
name the dental formula for an adult cat
A
i3/3 c1/1 p3/2 m1/1
(30 total)
9
Q
what animal is the triadan tooth numbering system based on?
A
pig
(11 teeth per quadrant)
10
Q
the canine tooth is always this number when present in triadan tooth numbering
A
number 4
11
Q
the first molar is always this number in triadan tooth numbering
A
number 9
12
Q
name the calculus index score
no calculus
A
0
13
Q
name the calculus index score
less than 25% cover
A
1
14
Q
name the calculus index score
25-75% cover
A
2
15
Q
name the calculus index score
75-100% cover
A
3
16
Q
name the gingival (gingivitis) index score
normal
A
0
17
Q
name the gingival (gingivitis) index score
marginal (red line)
A
1
18
Q
name the gingival (gingivitis) index score
bleeds on gentle probing/swollen
A
2
19
Q
name the gingival (gingivitis) index score
severe inflammation/spontaneous bleeding
A
3
20
Q
what 5 things should each tooth be evaluated for when probing periodontal tissues
A
- gingival inflammation
- gingival enlargement or recession
- periodontal pocketing
- furcation exposure
- mobility
21
Q
what is the normal gingival sulcus depth of a healthy dog tooth
A
0-3 mm
22
Q
what is the normal gingival sulcus depth of a healthy cat tooth
A
<1mm
23
Q
name the furcation stage
involvement exists when a periodontal probe extends less than half way under the crown in any direction of a multirooted tooth with attachment loss
A
Stage 1 (F1)
24
Q
name the furcation stage
involvement exists when a periodontal probe extends greater than half way under the crown of a multirooted tooth with attachment loss but not through and through
A
stage 2 (F2)
25
# name the furcation stage
when a periodontal probe extends under the crown of a multirooted tooth, through and through from one side of teh furcation out the other
stage 3 (F3)
26
# name the tooth mobility stage
physiologic mobility up to 0.2mm;
unlikely this could be detected on clinical exam
stage 0 (M0)
27
# name the tooth mobility stage
mobility is increased in any direction other than axial over a distance of 0.2-0.5mm
stage 1 (M1)
28
# name the tooth mobility stage
the mobility is increased in any direction other than axial over a distance of 0.5-1.0mm
stage 2 (M2)
29
# name the tooth mobility stage
the mobility is increased in any direction other than axial over a distance exceeding 1.0mm OR any axial movement
stage 3 (M3)
30
what is the mark on a dental sheet for a missing tooth
circled
31
what is the mark on a dental sheet for a retained tooth root
RTR
32
what is the mark on a dental sheet for an extracted tooth
X
33
what is the mark on a dental sheet for a mobile tooth
M(x)
34
what is the mark on a dental sheet for a periodontal pocket
P(x)
35
what is the mark on a dental sheet for a fractured tooth
T/FX (CCF/UCF)
36
what is the mark on a dental sheet for persistant deciduous
DT/P
37
what is the mark on a dental sheet for an enamel defect
ED
38
what is the mark on a dental sheet for gingival hyperplasia
GH
39
what is the mark on a dental sheet for caries
CA
40
what is the mark on a dental sheet for a non-vital tooth
T/NV
41
what is the mark on a dental sheet for a supernumary tooth
SN
42
what is the mark on a dental sheet for an abrasion (tooth/object)
AB
43
what is the mark on a dental sheet for an attrition (tooth/tooth)
AT
44
what is the mark on a dental sheet for an oral mass
OM
45
what is the mark on a dental sheet for a radiograph
RAD
46
# name the term
application of psychological and physiological principle during design of products, processes and systems;
goal: enhance safety and comfort and interaction, increase productivity and reduce human error
ergonomics
47
what 4 PPE should be worn during dental procedures
1. gloves
2. mask
3. goggles/eyeshield
4. hair net
48
why are metal gags NOT ideal for dental procedures
damage tooth enamel
49
why are spring loaded gags NOT ideal for dental procedures
push TMJs beyond ROM
50
how often should you relieve gag pressure during a dental procedure
every 5 mins
51
# name the dental instrument
blunt round ended instrument;
indentations/coloured bands for measurements;
used for gingivitis score and measurements of periodontal disease
periodontal probes
52
# name the dental instrument
sharp pointed tip;
for use on tooth surface only;
find defects, caries, and tooth fractures
dental explorer
53
# name the dental instrument
for use on crown of tooth only;
keep away from gingiva;
sharp working edges;
cleaning developmental grooves and fissures and interdental spaces
supragingival scaler
54
# name the dental instrument
used under the gumline i.e. in perio pockets;
curved rounded back
subgingival curettes
55
# name the dental instrument
very sharp - for separating periosteum;
types: iris, goldman, fox, La Grange
surgical scissors
56
# name the dental instrument
scissors for blunt dissection
Metzenbaum
57
# name the dental instrument
friction grip (FG);
Tungsten Carbide or Stainless Steel;
cross cut taper fissure or round
dental highspeed burs
58
# name the dental instrument
friction grip (FG);
various sizes and shapes;
round and rugby ball shaped;
used for alveoloplasty and odontoplasty
diamond burs
59
# name the dental instrument
thick blade;
used like a shoehorn;
mostly kept above bone crest
elevator
60
# name the dental instrument
thin sharp blades to insert into PL space;
must be sharp & well maintained
luxator
61
this is considered the most common infectious disease of adult dogs
periodontal disease
62
# name the disease
inflammation of the gingiva;
is reversible
gingivitis
63
# name the disease
inflammation of gingiva; loss of bone and periodontal attachment;
is permanent
periodontitis
64
# name the periodontitis stage
clean, white teeth;
no marginal gingivitis (red line);
firm, pink gingiva;
no sign of recession;
normal periodontium
stage 0 (PD0)
65
# name the periodontitis stage
inflammation of gingiva only without loss of attachment;
reversible;
plaque will likely be present;
gingivitis
stage 1 (PD1)
66
# name the periodontitis stage
less than 25% attachment loss;
at most: stage 1 furcation exposure;
measured by probing clinical attachment level and determined radiographically;
early periodontitis
stage 2 (PD2)
67
# name the periodontitis stage
25-50% of attachment loss relative to the root length;
stage 2 furcation involvment in multirooted teeth;
moderate periodontitis
stage 3 (PD3)
68
# name the periodontitis stage
more than 50% attachment loss;
stage 3 furcation in multi-rooted tooth;
tooth loss extremely likely;
advanced periodontitis
stage 4 (PD4)
69
this is biofilm on the teeth, removable with a toothbrush
plaque
70
this is mineralised plaque on the teeth
calculus
71
name the 4 steps of pocket formation
| (dental)
1. plaque (& calculus) = gingivitis
2. gingiva & Junctional Epitheliul inflame and swell
3. sulcus deepens/anaerobes thrive
4. JE breaks down, bacteria now in contact with bone/PL/cementum
72
name 5 risk factors for periodontitis (PD)
1. small size (<10kg)
2. crowded teeth
3. malocclusions
4. brachycephalic head shape
5. increasing age
73
what will gradual wear (local insult) of the teeth result in production of?
can be reactionary or reparative
tertiary dentine
74
# name the classification of tooth fracture
cracks in the enamel;
normal crazing on the tooth (hairline cracks)
enamel infraction
75
# name the classification of tooth fracture
minor fractures of enamel;
usually traumatic; rough surface
enamel fracture (EF)
76
# name the classification of tooth fracture
enamel and dentine fractured but NO pulp exposure;
can be a rough surface;
ex: slab fracture
uncompicated crown fracture (UCF)
77
# name the classification of tooth fracture
enamel and dentine fractured WITH pulp exposure;
infection can infiltrate the nerve; tooth will no longer be viable;
Tx: extraction or referral for endodontic procedure (root canal)
complicated crown fracture (CCF)
78
# name the classification of tooth fracture
fractured tooth with direct pulp exposure;
involves crown and root
complicated crown root fracture (CCRF)
79
# name the classification of tooth fracture
some mobility found on clinical exam but normal dentine/periodontal tissues;
Tx: extraction
rooth fracture (RF)
80
# name the dental condition
internal discolouration (not staining) due to pulp bleeding into dentine wall;
pink/purple in early stages, then grey;
usually bc pulp has subluxated
non vital teeth (NV)
| (discolouration)
81
82
# name the dental condition
bacterial decay of the tooth structure brought about by the release of acids from oral bacteria fermenting carbohydrates on the tooth surface;
low incidence in canine population;
dogs fed high carbohydrate diet;
molar teeth most commonly affected;
restorations possible if early identification
dental caries
83
# name the dental condition
exact aetiology unknown;
hyperimmune response to plaque in mouth;
freq. dental Tx and cleaning at home needed;
very painful - multimodal analgesia often needed
canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis
84
# name the dental condition
ranges from persistent gingivitis to severe inflammation of oral cavity;
full mouth extractions necessary in some cases;
around 30% of cases do NOT respond
feline chronic gingivostomatitis
85
# name the dental condition
typically presents during eruption of permanent dentition or soon after;
can rapidly progress to periodontitis;
can respond to professional cleanings and oral hygeine but may progress to FCGS
feline juvenile stomatitis
86
# name the dental condition
resorption of the dental hard tissues
tooth resorption (TR)
87
# name the dental condition
resorption originating in the pulp cavity
internal resorption (RR)
88
what is the maximum dose of Mepivicaine for maxillofacial nerve blocks in dogs
5 mg/kg
89
what is the maximum dose of Mepivicaine for maxillofacial nerve blocks in cats
2.5 mg/kg
90
what is the maximum dose of Bupivacaine for maxillofacial nerve blocks in dogs
2 mg/kg
91
what is the maximum dose of Bupivacaine for maxillofacial nerve blocks in cats
1.5 mg/kg
92
what is the maximum site volume for maxillofacial nerve blocks in large dogs
2 mL
93
what is the maximum site volume for maxillofacial nerve blocks in cats/small dogs
0.25 mL
94
# name the dental nerve block
aim for area immediately caudal to last molar;
pop needle just through mucosa & no more
maxillary block
95
# name the dental nerve block
foramen entry - extreme care;
point needle to floor of canal;
avoid in cats!
maxilla-infra-orbital block
96
# name the type of tooth extraction (exodontics)
suitable for single rooted or severely mobile teeth;
no incision required (except gingival sulcus incision);
suture closed using simple interrupted pattern
simple/closed extractions
97
# name the type of tooth extraction (exodontics)
requires gingival incision and bone removal;
sectioning in multirooted teeth;
open technique: create mucogingival flap
surgical extractions
98
name 3 mucoginigval flap types for tooth extractions
1. envelope flap
2. mucogingival triangular flap
3. mucogingival pedicle flap
99
# name the mucogingival flap type for tooth extraction
sulcus incision only;
usually target tooth & one either side
envelope flap
100
# name the mucogingival flap type for tooth extraction
one verticle release
mucogingival triangular flap
101
# name the mucogingival flap type for tooth extraction
two verticle releases
mucogingival pedicle flap
102
name 5 tooth extraction complications
1. fractured roots
2. haemorrhage
3. dehiscence
4. iatrogenic jaw fracture
5. enamel defects
