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Capstone > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

crown

A

portion of the tooth above the gum line, covered by enamel

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2
Q

root

A

portion of the tooth below the gum line

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3
Q

apex

A

tip of the tooth root

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4
Q

gingiva

A

gums or mucous membrane surrounding the teeth
soft tissue that provides epithelial attachment

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5
Q

enamel

A

outer covering of the crown, hardest tissue in the body with no sensory capacity, relatively nonporous

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6
Q

dentin

A

lining below the enamel that lines the pulp cavity
2nd hardest tissue in the body and composes the bulk of the tooth

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7
Q

pulp cavity

A

sensitive cavity in the tooth containing blood supply and nerves
called the root canal within the root

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8
Q

periodontium

A

supportive tissue of the teeth

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9
Q

what is the periodontum made up of?

A

cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, gingiva, and gingival sulcus

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10
Q

cementum

A

avascular bonelike material that covers the root
attached to the alveolar bone by the periodontal ligament

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11
Q

periodontal ligament

A

holds tooth in alveolus through attachment to the alveolar bone
supplies nutrients to the alveolar bone and cementum via arterioles

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12
Q

alveolar bone

A

surrounds and supports teeth

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13
Q

gingival sulcus

A

space between gingiva and the tooth

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14
Q

buccal

A

tooth surface towards the cheek

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15
Q

labial

A

tooth surface towards the lips

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16
Q

lingual

A

mandibular tooth surface towards the tongue

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17
Q

palatal

A

maxillary tooth surface towards the palate

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18
Q

mesial

A

tooth surface towards the midline at the front of mouth

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19
Q

distal

A

tooth surface towards the back of the mouth

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20
Q

occlusal

A

chewing surface

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21
Q

coronal

A

tooth surface towards the crown

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22
Q

apical

A

tooth surface towards the apex

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23
Q

heterodont

A

domestic animals, teeth of differing shapes and sizes
humans

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24
Q

brachydont

A

small crowns with well-developed roots
dogs, cats, pigs

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25
Q

hypsodont

A

aka elodont
teeth that grow throughout a lifetime
cows, horses, rodents, lagomorphs

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26
Q

dog dental formula

A

2( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3)
42 total

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27
Q

cat dental formula

A

2( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1)
30 total

28
Q

which teeth are the carnassial teeth on a dog?

A

4th upper premolar and 1st lower molar

29
Q

normal occlusion

A

aka scissor bite
upper incisors rostral to the lower
lower canines fit in space between upper canines and 3rd incisor (shouldn’t touch)
lower 1st premolar are most rostral, upper arcade fits into spaces between lower premolars
upper 4th premolar overlaps the lower 1st molar

30
Q

normal skull shape

A

mesocephalic

31
Q

class 1 malocclusion (MAL/I)

A

aka neutroclusion
maxilla/mandible correctly proportioned but 1 or more teeth are misaligned
many types including “crossbites”

32
Q

class II malocclusion (MAL/II)

A

aka distoclusion
teeth of the mandible don’t align with corresponding teeth of maxilla
mandibular brachygnathism (too short)
“overbite”

33
Q

class III malocclusion (MAL/III)

A

aka mesioclusion
teeth of mandible align rostral to corresponding teeth of maxilla
mandible is forward (too long): prognathism
“underbite”

34
Q

malocclusion IV (wry bite)

A

refers to a variety of unilateral occlusal abnormalities
only 1 quadrant of mandible or maxilla is affected where 1 segment of the jaw is unevenly longer than the other half
“side-to-side malocclusion” is more appropriate than “wry bite”

35
Q

retained deciduous teeth

A

should be extracted if present when adult counterparts erupt (by 6 months) or if fractured then immediately
may cause abnormal alignment/calculus buildup
more common in toy breeds

36
Q

what is the periodontal probe used for?

A

to evaluate the depths of the pockets (sulcus) surrounding the teeth

37
Q

normal gingival sulcus (dogs and cats)

A

dog: 3mm
cat: 0.5-1mm

38
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of gingiva caused by plaque
reversible with proper treatment: dental scaling and curettage (+/- extraction), and oral hygiene

39
Q

gingival hyperplasia

A

gingival tissue becomes inflamed and enlarged
common in boxers, great danes, and mastiffs
surgical removal

40
Q

epulis (epulides)

A

benign gingival tumor
surgical removal is curative

41
Q

papillomas

A

pale, cauliflower-like growths
often a viral cause in dogs and is contagious (papillomatosis)
may occur orally, on muzzle, limbs, paws

42
Q

stomatitis

A

painful inflammatory condition that affects gingiva and caudal mouth in cats
may be immune-mediated
symptoms: pain, severe halitosis, increased salivation, anorexia, weight loss
tx: possible steroids and antibiotics, full mouth extraction is recommended

43
Q

periodontal disease

A

gingival disease caused by plaque-induced inflammation to supporting structures of the teeth (soft tissue and bone)
includes gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia, periodontitis with bone destruction
may lead to bone loss

44
Q

plaque

A

biofilm of microorganisms in mouth (bacteria, saliva, debris)

45
Q

calculus

A

tartar
mineralized plaque

46
Q

periodontal disease stage 1

A

gingivitis only

47
Q

periodontal disease stage 2

A

early periodontitis, < 25% support loss

48
Q

periodontal disease stage 3

A

established periodontitis, 25-50% support loss

49
Q

periodontal disease stage 4

A

advanced periodontitis, > 50% support loss

50
Q

dental disease grade 0

A

no plaque/gingivitis present

51
Q

dental disease grade 1

A

mild gingivitis and plaque present

52
Q

dental disease grade 2

A

mild-moderate tartar (mineralized plaque and bacteria) and gingivitis present on multiple teeth

53
Q

dental disease grade 3

A

heavy tartar and periodontal disease with bone loss present

54
Q

dental disease grade 4

A

severe tartar, periodontal disease, and oral pain present

55
Q

local analgesia use in dentistry

A

blocks dental pain especially prior to extractions
used as an adjunct to opioids and NSAIDs

56
Q

supplies typically used for dental local analgesia

A

25G needle and lidocaine/bupivacaine

57
Q

when should you be cautious of needle direction and depth?

A

in cats and brachycephalic dog breeds

58
Q

rostral maxillary (infraorbital) nerve block

A

blocks pain mesial to the 3rd premolar

59
Q

caudal maxillary nerve block

A

blocks pain rostral to the maxillary molar on side of the block

60
Q

rostral mandibular (middle mental) nerve block

A

blocks pain rostral to the mandibular 2nd premolar

61
Q

caudal mandibular (inferior alveolar) nerve block

A

blocks all oral structures of the corresponding side of the mandible
can be accessed intraorally or extraorally

62
Q

resorptive lesions

A

“feline neck lesions” or FORL (feline oral resorptive lesion
an erosion in the enamel that may be covered with calculus or gingival tissue (1st appear at cementoenamel junction or neck)
may be painful and cause a change in appetite/behavior
lesions spread quickly once they reach the pulp cavity
extraction is only treatment

63
Q

melanoma

A

most common oral neoplasm in dogs, rare in cats
causes bone destruction locally
malignant and spreads to the regional lymph nodes and lungs
treatment: partial removal of maxilla/mandible, radiation therapy

64
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

most common oral tumor in cats, 2nd most common in dogs
rapid growth, often ulcerated, invades bone, slow metastasis
tumors located more rostrally have better prognosis and may be surgically resected, slow to metastasize

65
Q

which organization approves dental products for home care?

A

Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC)

66
Q

what is the gold standard for home dental care?

A

daily teeth brushing

Capstone (18 decks)

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