Dermatology

Question 1

what factors can contribute to rub marks on cows?

Answer 1

cubicle design/bedding
feed barriers
cleanliness - management, SARA…
welfare/bullying

Question 2

what is pediculosis?

Answer 2

lice infestation

Question 3

what are the main clinical signs of lice infestations in cattle?

Answer 3

usually pruritic
patterned hair loss - head, neck, flanks, shoulders

Question 4

what are the two types of lice?

Answer 4

sucking and chewing

Question 5

what sucking lice are found in cattle?

Answer 5

Linognathus vital
Haematopinus eurysternus

Question 6

what chewing lice are found in cattle?

Answer 6

Bovicola bovis

Question 7

what can heavy sucking lice infestations have on calves?

Answer 7

anaemia

Question 8

what possible mite infestations can effect cows?

Answer 8

Chorioptes bovis
Sarcoptes scabei
Psoroptes bovis
Demodex bovis
(most to least rare)

Question 9

what are the clinical signs of mite infestations in cattle?

Answer 9

pruritis, rubbing and hair loss

Question 10

what is the distribution of Chorioptes and Psoroptes?

Answer 10

legs, feet, tail base, caudal udder

Question 11

what is the distribution of Sarcoptes?

Answer 11

neck and face

Question 12

how can mites be diagnosed?

Answer 12

skin scrapes around the edge of lesions (deep needs capillary ooze)

Question 13

which mite of cattle is zoonotic?

Answer 13

Sarcoptes scabei

Question 14

what shaped pedicles does Chorioptes bovis?

Answer 14

cup shaped

Question 15

what shaped pedicles does Sarcoptes scabei have?

Answer 15

trumpet

Question 16

what is done to treat pediculosis and mites in cattle?

Answer 16

check underlying health, management and husbandry
mild infections are self limiting
synthetic pyrethroids or macrocyclic lactones (determine if chewing/sucking mite)

Question 17

what is the most common cause of ringworm in cattle?

Answer 17

Trichophytan verrucosum

Question 18

how would ringworm lesions be described?

Answer 18

circumscribed crusted plaques that can form large coalescing lesions

Question 19

how is ringworm treated/controlled?

Answer 19

clean/disinfect housing
turn out animals
vaccine can reduce severity
topical enilconazole

Question 20

what causes pustular impetigo in cattle?

Answer 20

Staphylococcal infections

Question 21

where is pustular impetigo localised to?

Answer 21

wounds, udder, perineum, ear tags

Question 22

what are some common areas for abscess formation?

Answer 22

lower jaw
lymph nodes
infected/chronic haematomas
penetrating injuries

Question 23

what causes lumpy jaw?

Answer 23

Actinomyces bovis

Question 24

what causes wooden tongue?

Answer 24

Actinobacillus ligniersii

Question 25

what causes rain scald?

Answer 25

Dermatophilus congolesis

Question 26

why is curing lumpy jaw (Actinomyces bovis) often difficult?

Answer 26

usually underlying osteomyelitis is present

Question 27

what conditions cause rain scald (streptothricosis)?

Answer 27

wet weather and skin microtrauma

Question 28

what is done to treat rain scald?

Answer 28

topical disinfectant oxytetracycline/penicilin move to dry environment (house)

Question 29

what is used to treat bovine viral papillomatosis?

Answer 29

generally self-limiting (surgical removal indicated if penile/teat)

Question 30

what systemic diseases could cause ulceration of the mouth?

Answer 30

mucosal disease malignant catharral fever IBR foot and mouth

Question 31

what are the clinical signs of foot and mouth?

Answer 31

pyrexia (>40 degrees), depression, lameness vesicles on muzzle, tongue, nostrils, feet

Question 32

what deficiency causes a poor growth rate and brown tinged coat with spectacles?

Answer 32

copper deficiency (molybdenum toxicity)

Question 33

what are some causes of photosensitisation?

Answer 33

st johns wort ragwort liver damage (phylloerythrin accumulation)

Question 34

what causes sheep scab?

Answer 34

Psoroptes ovis

Question 35

what is sheep scab?

Answer 35

allergic skin reaction to Psoroptes Otis mites and faeces

Question 36

what are the clinical signs of sheep scab?

Answer 36

wool loss, scaling, crusting dermatitis/secondary infection disrupted feeding and condition loss intense pruritis and discomfort

Question 37

how is sheep scab diagnosed?

Answer 37

skin scrape from edge of the lesion serum antibody ELISA

Question 38

is sheep scab notifiable?

Answer 38

it is in Scotland not in England - requires mandatory treatment

Question 39

how is sheep scab treated?

Answer 39

organophosphate dip - diazinon

Question 40

what lice infects sheep?

Answer 40

Bovicola ovis

Question 41

what are the clinical signs of Bovicola ovis?

Answer 41

(generally incidental finding unless heavy infestation) pruritis - fleece loss and damage

Question 42

what could heavy lice infestations in sheep indicate?

Answer 42

underlying health/nutrition risk heavy stocking density

Question 43

where are orf lesions found?

Answer 43

mouth, feet and teats

Question 44

what is used to treat/contol orf?

Answer 44

self-limiting antibiotics for secondary infection scabivax (only in infection confirmed) good biosecurity

Question 45

how long does it take for orf to heal?

Answer 45

1-4 weeks (self limiting)

Question 46

wha causes caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 46

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 47

what are some diseases flies/ticks are vectors for?

Answer 47

bluetongue schmallenberg new forest disease BVD summer mastitis tick borne disease (babesiosis, Q-fever)