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Farm (year 4) > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

what motor nerve block can be used for the eye?

A

auricopalpebral block

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2
Q

what primary eye diseases are seen in cattle?

A

infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivits (new forest eye)
bovine iritis (silage eye)
squamous cell carcinoma

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3
Q

what causes new forest eye?

A

Morexella bovis

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4
Q

what antibiotics are used to treat new forest eye (Morexella bovis)?

A

beta lactams

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5
Q

what are the clinical signs of new forest eye?

A

lachrymation
blepharospasm
white spot in conjunctiva (keratitis)
ulcers
neovascularisation from inside of eye

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6
Q

how is new forest eye treated?

A

eye ointment - cloxacillin based
subconjunctival injection - oxytetracycline
suture eyelid closed

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7
Q

why is it advised to keep animals with new forest eye indoor?

A

they are photophobic

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8
Q

what are the risk factors for new forest eye?

A

flies and habitat (woodland)
dust/chaff
UV light
viral pneumonia

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9
Q

what is bovine iritis also known as?

A

silage eye

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10
Q

what causes bovine iritis?

A

immune reaction to antigens of listeria

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11
Q

what are the clinical signs of bovine iritis?

A

constricted pupil
patchy corneal opacity
glaucoma
white floccules in anterior chamber
vascularisation

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12
Q

how is bovine iritis treated?

A

subconjunctival injection - atropine, dexamethasone and oxytetracycline

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13
Q

what breed are predisposed to squamous cell carcinomas?

A

herefords

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14
Q

what is a major risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma development?

A

UV exposure

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15
Q

how are SCCs of the eye treated?

A

removal of eye/third eyelid

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16
Q

what nerve block is used for enucleation?

A

retrobulbar

17
Q

what can foreign bodies in the eye lead to?

A

keratitis

18
Q

what is malignant catarrhal fever infection of cows typically associated with?

A

co grazing of cattle with sheep

19
Q

what are the clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

persistant pyrexia
depressed (encephalitis)
nasal/mouth erosions
enlarged lymph nodes
respiratory signs
diarrhoea
(immune mediated vasculitis)

20
Q

what eye lesions are associated with malignant catarrhal fever?

A

conjunctivits
eyelid oedema
blepharospasm
corneal opacity

21
Q

what causes IBR?

A

bovine herpes virus 1

22
Q

where does IBR infectious stay as a latent infection?

A

trigeminal ganglion

23
Q

how are vaccine used for IBR?

A

IM or intra-nasal with the possibility to vaccinate in the face of an outbreak

24
Q

what are the clinical signs of IBR?

A

pyrexia
conjunctivitis and serous discharge
corneal oedema
nasal lesions/discharge
severe milk drop

25
Q

what are the clinical signs of listeriosis?

A

encephalitis
circling
unilateral facial paralysis - dry eye, ear droop…
depressed
retracted mean response

26
Q

what is used to treat listeriosis?

A

oxytetracycline or penicillin

27
Q

what lesion of the eye is associated with BVD?

A

cataracts

28
Q

what eye lesion is associated with septicaemia?

A

hypopyon

29
Q

what are some possible causes of blindness?

A

CCN
lead poisoning
vitamin A deficiency
twin lamb disease

30
Q

what are some risk factors for cerebrocortical necrosis?

A

thiamine (vit B1) deficiency
young growing cattle/sheep
dietary change/high energy diet

31
Q

what are some clinical signs of CCN?

A

star gazing
no menace response
PLR is present
nystagmus and convulsions
opistothonus

32
Q

how can CCN be treated?

A

thiamine supplement
diet change

33
Q

what are the clinical signs of lead poisoning?

A

no menace response
dilated pupils
tremors/convulsions

34
Q

what is used to treat lead poisoning?

A

EDTA and magnesium

35
Q

what are the clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency?

A

night blindness
no menace response
dilated pupils
oedema of optic disc

Farm (year 4) (17 decks)

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