Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANCE REVIEW > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Erythema Nodosum presentation and common causes

A

Presents as a sore stinging nodules on the shins, MC caused by strep infections or sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“Stuck on” lesion with greasy appearance

A

Seborrheic keratosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alopecia Areata vs Androgenic Alopecia

A

Alopecia Areata: immune-mediated hair loss coming on in PATCHES with “exclamation point hairs”; often other immune comorbidities and nail manifestations ; steroids are treatment

Androgenic ALopecia: progressive loss of the terminal hairs, hiring THINNING; due to low DHT levels ; treat with Minodixil or finasteride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the atopic triad?

A
  1. atopic dermatitis (eczema)
  2. asthma
  3. allergic rhinitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A
  • Pruritus
  • red, blistery lesions in FLEXOR surfaces, scaling
  • dermatographism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is dermatographism ?

A

localized hives when the skin is stroked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Nummular eczema?

A

sharply defined COIN SHAPED lesions on dorsum and extensor surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for atopic dermatitis

A

Avoid triggers, topical steroids and antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dyshidrosis (aka pompholyx)

A

Puritic “tapioca-like” tense vesicles on the soles, palms, fingers in response to water such as sweat, humid weather, or nikel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is lichen simplex chronic?

A

Skin lichenification due to chronic itching in eczema patients

Treat with topical steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical manifestations of Lichen Planus

A

-5 P’s: Purple, polygonal, planar, puritic, papillose with WICKHAM STRIAE (white lines) found on flexor surfaces, skin, mouth, scalp, genitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathophis of lichen planus

A

idiopathic cell- mediated immune response with a high incidence in Hep C.

-Treat with topical steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Koebner’s phenomenon and what is it seen in?

A

New lesions at sites of trauma seen in lichen planus and psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Chronic mulisystem inflammatory immune disorder that results in keratin hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical manifestations of plaque soriasis

A
  • Rasied red lesions with thick silver scaling
  • MC on EXTENSOR surfaces
  • nail pitting and auspitz sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Auspitz sign?

A

punctate bleeding with removal of plaques in psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Psoriasis management

A

Mild: topical steroids

Severe: Phototherapy, methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Other types of psoriasis (not including plaque)

A
  • Pustular: deep yellow pustules evolving into red merciless on palms/soles
  • Guttate: small discrete red lesions with fine scales
  • Inverse: no scaling
  • Erythrodermic: generalized rash over most of the skin (worst type)
  • Psoriatic arthritis: pencil in cup deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor Hallmarks

A
  • Overgrowth of yeast Malassezia furor
  • Hyper/hypo-pigmented round merciless with fine scaling, grows in patches , this part of skin fails to tan
  • KOH prep shows hyphae & spores “spaghetti & meatball”
  • Woods lamp exam

-Treat with topical antifungals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Topical antifungals

A

Selenium sulfide

Sodiom sulfacetamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

hypersensitivity to malassezia furfur yeast that occurs in areas of high sebaceous gland functioning

  • Presents as cradle cap in infants and DANDRUFF in adults
  • Treat with topical antifungals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5 types of hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type 1: Ig-E mediated, acuate urticaria and angioedema

Type 2: cytotoxic antibody mediated causing cell lysis

Type 3: immune antibody-antigen complex

Type 4: Delayed, cell mediated (erythema multiforme, morbiliform rash)

Type 4: non-immunologic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the MC presenting rash in a drug eruption?

A

Exanthematous/Morbiliform Rash: generalized bright red macules and papillose that coalesce to form plaques.

-typically 2-14 days after drug taken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Different presentations of cutaneous drug eruptions

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Morbiliform rash (MC)
  2. Urticarial (2nd MC) (type 1)
  3. Erythema multiform (type 4)
25
Drugs that MC cause erythema multiform reaction
- sulfa - penicillians - phenobarbitol - dilantin
26
Pathophysiology of urticaria
mast cells release histamine causing vasodilation and edema of dermis
27
Outside of medications, what illnesses are associated with erythema multiforme?
HSV (MC) mycoplasma S. pneumo
28
What is the difference between erythema multiforme minor and major
MINOR: target lesions with no mucosal membrane involvement MAJOR: target lesions with involvement of at least 1 mucus membrane, but there is no epidermal detachment (that would be SJS)
29
Steven-Johnson Syndrome
MC after drug reaction that develops less than 10% BSA sloughing with epidermal detachment (Nikolsky sign), at least 1 mucus membrane involved
30
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
MC after drug reaction that develops over 30% BSA sloughing with skin necrosis and epidermal detachment (+ nikolsky sign) ; at least 1 muscus membrane involved
31
What is the pathophysiology behind acne vulgarism?
1. increased sebum production due to increased androgen activity 2. Clogged sebaceous glands 3. P. Acne overgrowth 4. Inflammatory response
32
3 clinical manifestations of acne vulgaris
1. Comedones - open=blackhead, partial block - closed=whitehead, complete 2. Inflammatory: pustules surrounded by inflammation 3. Nodular or cystic acne:heals with scarring
33
Management of Mild Acne
- topical retinoids - benzoyl peroxide (decreased P. acne) - OCP (decrease androgens)
34
Management of moderate acne
- mild treatment PLUS oral antibiotics | - Doxycycline, Minocycline
35
Management of severe acne
-all other treatments plus Isotretinoins -these increase Trigs, psych effects, teratogenic
36
What is the pathophysiology of Rosacea?
Persistant vasomotor instability of unclear etiology
37
Roasacea treatment
Metronidazole
38
What is actinic keratosis?
MC premalignant skin condition -leads to squamous cell carcinoma
39
Hallmarks of actinic keratosis
-scaly hyper pigmented sandpaper lesions in sun exposed areas
40
What is seborrheic keratosis?
MC benign skin tumor
41
Clinical manifestations of seborrheic keratosis
small papule with a velvety warty lesion "greasy stuck on appearance"
42
What lesions will whiten with acetic acid application?
HPV
43
Condyloma Acuminata
genital warts HPV 6,11 Painless papule that evolve into soft fleshy cauliflower-like lesions
44
Vitiligo
Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes resulting in skin depigmentation
45
What is Kaposi Sarcoma?
- Connective tissue cancer found in immunocompromised patients - Caused by Human herpesvirus 8 - Violet red/brown plaque like lesions - HAART therapy is treatment
46
3 types of impetigo
1. Nonbullous: vesicles & pustules, honey colored crust; Staph MC. GABHS 2nd 2. Bullous: vesicles form large bullae, Staph MC 3. Ecthyma: ulcerative, GABHS
47
Impetigo management
- Mupirocin (Bactroban) cream | - If severe you can use antibiotics such as Cqphalexin or clindamycin
48
Treatment of folliculitis
Topical mupirocin
49
Layers of the skin impacted by cellulitis
dermis and subcutaneous tissue **not well demarcated!
50
MC causative organisms of cellulitis
S. Aureus MC -GABHS (strep pyogenes)
51
Erysipelas
- Caused by GABHS - WELL DEMARCATED, often on the face - Treat with PCN
52
Lymphangitis
spread of cellulitis through the lymph vessels leaving streaking
53
Medical management of cellulitis
Cephalexin; dicloxacillan
54
What antibiotic should be used in a cat bite
Augmentin Doxy if pen allergic
55
Clinical manifestations of scabies
- intensely pruritic lesions with linear burrows often in the web spaces - papules on scrotum, glans or penile shaft, body folds are pathopneumonic for scabies
56
Scabies treatment
Permethrin topical cream -ivermectin if extensive
57
What is pediculosis
Lice
58
What are the white oval shaped egg capsules at the base of hair shafts in those infected with lice called?
Nits
59
What is the treatment for lice?
Permethrin

PANCE REVIEW (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions