Dermatology Flashcards
(156 cards)
What is Roseola Infantum also known as, and what is it caused by?
Exanthem subitum, sixth disease, caused by HHV6
In what age of patients does Roseola Infantum present?
6 months to 2 years old
What is the incubation period of Roseola Infantum?
1-2 weeks
After the incubation period of Roseola Infantum, what is the presentation?
- High grade fever lasting 3-5 days → Febrile convulsions in 10%
- Maculopapular rash (AFTER FEVER)
- Bulging fontanelle
- NAGAYAMA SPOTS (Uvulopalatal spots)
- Periorbital oedema
- Cervical, occipital, postauricular lymphadenopathy
- Acute otitis media
- Rhinorrhoea, cough
- Diarrhoea and vomiting
How long does the Maculopapular rash last for in Roseola Infantum?
Can last for 1-2 days, but can disappear within 2-4 hours
How is Roseola Infantum diagnosed?
- Clinical diagnosis based on history
- May be aided with PCR to test for HHV6
How is Roseola Infantum treated?
Supportive management i.e. fluids, antipyretics
What is the consensus of school exclusion for Roseola Infantum?
- School exclusion is not necessary
What is the main complication of Roseola Infantum?
Febrile seizures
What is Slapped Cheek Syndrome also known as, and what is it caused by?
Erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, caused by Parvovirus B19
What is the incubation period of Slapped Cheek Syndrome?
4-14 days
After the incubation period of Slapped Cheek Syndrome, what is the presentation?
- Mild flu-like symptoms
- AFTER viraemia: Slapped cheek rash sparing mouth (circumoral pallor), palms and soles and reticular rash on body, plus arthralgia and arthritis
How might the presentation of Slapped Cheek Syndrome differ to those with underlying comorbidities?
- Immunosuppressed patients → Pancytopenia
- SCD / HS / Thalassemia patients → Aplastic crises
- In foetus’ → Hydrops fetalis, foetal loss in early pregnancy
How long does the rash last for in Slapped Cheek Syndrome?
Usually peaks for a week, however can re-appear on triggers such as a warm bath, sunlight, heat or fever in next few months
How is Slapped Cheek Syndrome diagnosed?
- Clinical diagnosis based on history
- Test IgG and IgM levels against Parvovirus B19 (especially in pregnant women)
- PCR for Parvovirus B19 (especially immunocompromised patients with low Ig levels)
If a pregnant woman has been exposed to Slapped Cheek Syndrome, what is recommended?
- Check IgM and IgG levels against Parvovirus B19
What is the management of Slapped Cheek Syndrome?
- Majority of cases are mild and resolve on their own
- Treat aplastic crises with blood products / IV Ig
- Treat polyarthralgia / arthritis with NSAIDs
What is the consensus of regarding time off school for Slapped Cheek Syndrome?
School exclusion is NOT necessary
What is fourth disease known as?
Duke’s disease
What is Duke’s disease known as?
Fourth disease
What is Rubella also known as? What is it?
German measles, it is a viral infection caused by Rubella virus
What is the incubation period of Rubella?
When are outbreaks more common?
14-21 days
Winter and spring
What is the presentation of Rubella?
- Prodrome → Low-grade fever
- Mild erythematous rash (compared to measles), starts on face → rest of the body
- SUBOCCIPITAL AND POSTAURICULAR LYMPHADENOPATHY
What is the risk of damage to a foetus if the mother has been infected with Rubella?
As high as 90% in the first 8-10 weeks, and damage is rare after 16 weeks