dev wk 8

Question 1

3 stages of prenatal development and their times

Answer 1

Germinal (conception - 2weeks)

Embryonic (3rd - 8th wk)

Fetal (9th wk - birth)

Question 2

placental membrane

Answer 2

barrier against some, but not all toxins and infectious agents

Question 3

amniotic sac

Answer 3

membrane filled with fluid which the fetus floats, provides protective buffer (and helps regulate temp)

Question 4

Fetal movement

Answer 4

-spontaneous movement from around 5 weeks
-Hiccups at 7 weeks
-Around 18-19 weeks, most arm movements are hand to mouth

Question 5

By ____ weeks after gestation, most of the
movements that will be present at birth have
appeared. e.g

Answer 5

12

Swallowing amniotic fluid promotes the normal
development of the palate and aids in the maturation of
the digestive system.
– Movement of the chest wall and pulling in and expelling
small amounts of amniotic fluid help the respiratory
system become functional.

Question 6

The fetus typically responds to
sounds from at least the
___ month of gestation

Answer 6

6th

Question 7

recent evidence
shows preference
for “_____” in the
fetus (Reid et al.,
2017), suggesting
postnatal
exposure is not
necessary…

Answer 7

faces

Question 8

Teratogens

Answer 8

Environmental agents that
have the potential to cause
harm during prenatal
development

Question 9

factors affecting the effects of teratogens

Answer 9

Amount and length of exposure to the teratogen (dose-response relation

Timing is a crucial factor
in the severity of the
effects of potentially
harmful agents (during sensitive periods)

Question 10

Cigarette smoking during
pregnancy is linked to

Answer 10

reduced growth and low
birth weight (reduced Oxygen)

Question 11

smoking Marijuana during pregnancy can lead to

Answer 11

double risk of stillborn birth
Memory, learning, impulsivity, attention

Question 12

using cocaine during pregnancy can lead to

Answer 12

Fetal growth retardation, premature birth, attentional/arousal problems
-Withdrawal

Question 13

Maternal alcohol abuse can lead to

Answer 13

fetal alcohol syndrome
(FAS), which is associated with delays in cognitive development,
facial deformity, and other problems

Question 14

Infants state refers to

Answer 14

The infant’s level
of arousal and
engagement in the
environment
– Ranges from deep sleep
to intense activity
– Is an important influence
in the newborn’s
exploration of the world