week 4 dev Flashcards
what age do children develop understanding of gravity
within first year
______-month-olds also seem able, like adults, to attribute
dispositional states (Kuhlmeier et al., 2003)
Twelve
Categorical hierarchies often include
three main levels (Rosch et al., 1976)
– A very general one, the ________
level (living things)
– A medium one in between, the _____
level (birds)
– A very specific one, the _____
level (parrots)
superordinate
basic
subordinate
Children usually learn the ____ level category first, as:
– Objects at this level share many common characteristics
(unlike _____ level categories)
– Category members are relatively easy to discriminate
(unlike those in _____ level categories)
basic
superordinate
subordinate
Babies (_______) treated plastic toy birds and airplanes,
which are _____ similar, as if they were members of
the same category
* Babies (___ - ____)
treated toy airplanes and
birds as members of
_____ different
categories, despite the fact
that they looked very much
alike (Mandler &
McDonough, 1993)
7 months
perceptually
9 -11 months
conceptually
Understanding ____ ____– why objects are the way
they are – helps children learn and remember new categories
causal connections
– Essentialism,
the view that living things have an essence inside them
that makes them what they are
_______and_______ yr olds realise that growth is a product of internal
processes (Rosengran et al., 1991)
* They know that plants and animals, unlike
inanimate objects, have internal processes that allow them
to heal
– A scratched cat can heal itself but a scratched
chair cannot (Backscheider et al., 1993)
* They also understand illness and old age can cause the
permanent state of death, from which there is no recovery
(Nguyen & Gelman, 2002)
3- and 4-year-olds
children from age 4 - __ will belive plants and animals were created to serve as specific purpose like tools
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