wk 4 social

Question 1

Looking glass self-

Answer 1

we see ourselves as others see us…

…..NO…as we THINK others see us (Shrauger & Schoeneman, 1979)

Question 2

SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY

Answer 2

Tajfel & Turner (1979)

Social identity-defines the self in terms of group memberships

Personal identity-defines the self in terms of idiosyncratic traits and close personal relationships

Question 3

Cognitive knowlege of self-

self schema

Answer 3

Self schema-the beliefs and ideas people hold about themselves

Multiple! Wide range of them (Markus, 1977)

Working self-concept

Question 4

Cognitive knowlege of self-
2. SELF DISCREPANCY THEORY

Answer 4

Ideal self, actual self, Ought self (should be)
3 internal cognitive constructs about self.

Question 5

2 behavioural ways we know our self

Self perception theory

Answer 5

we define ourselves by making attributions about our own behaviour
Behaviours lead to self definition

Question 6

If there aren’t a lot of external reasons why we are behaving a certain way, we assume it is ______ motivated

Answer 6

intrinsically

Question 7

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 7

Behaviour is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, praise

Question 8

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 8

Engage in behaviour because it is personally rewarding, not for an external reward

Question 9

over-justification effect

Answer 9

when you are given an external reward for something which previously you were motivated for intrinsically, you’re motivation shifts to extrinsic and you become less likely to want to do the activity

Question 10

Social comparison theory

Answer 10

People compare themselves to others to have a benchmark, or yardstick to measure how they are doing.

For many attributes there is no objective standard we can only compare.

We seek out similar others to validate ourselves-

how groups are formed

Question 11

upward social comparison

effects

Answer 11

comparison to someonw who appears to have things better

Can lower self esteem but also motivate

Question 12

Downwards social comparison

also effects

Answer 12

Comparison to someone who appears to have worse

elevates self esteem, defensively protective

Question 13

Self esteem

Answer 13

Confidence in ones worth or abilities

Judgement of the self and attitudes towards the self

predicts many clinical and non clinical outcomes such as academic achievement, depression, criminal behaviour, relational success etc.

Question 14

4 types of self esteem

Answer 14

Global self-esteem

trait self-esteem

domain specific self-esteem

state self-esteem

Question 15

Global self-esteem

Answer 15

the overall, aggregated opinion of oneself at any one time, on a scale between negative and positive

Question 16

Domain specific self-esteem

Answer 16

Relates to ones self esteem within a particular area, such as a sport

Question 17

Trait self-esteem

Answer 17

An indivs accumulated lifelong perception of social inclusion and exclusion

Question 18

State self esteem

Answer 18

A perception of changes in ones social inclusion, given a particular setting

in the moment

Question 19

High self esteem is associated with:

Answer 19

Lower self-concept confusion and more self-knowledge

Self-enhancing orientation and a motivational orientation (whereas lower self-esteem is associated with protective orientation)

Lower anxiety, lower social rejection, and exclusion

Is a good index of social acceptance and belonging