Developmental Events Flashcards by Kim A

What is there under-attribution too?

Changes that are likely the result of development, but that are interpreted as resulting from experience
e.g., RG, stranger fear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is there over-attribution to?

The assumption that there are dog counterparts to constructs in human development such as adolescence.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Does a fearful animal always require a dramatic explanation

No! It’s easily installed! It COULD be from a bad experience.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What assumption do people sometimes make about RG

They came from a background of scarcity!
It’s a genetic program the switch is flipped at a certain age.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a critical period?

Time envelope during development where certain, key experiences are required. The brain is ripe when it’s finished - game over!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the current best hypothesis about the critical period?

Experiences are triggering/coordinating gene expression, which in turn influence brain architecture in ways that cannot be done at other times.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a critical period in dog training?

Socialisation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is one of the most studied critical periods?

Development of song in sparrows

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Scenario - take San Fransico Genes (sparrows) and rear in Hong Kong (hearing Hong Kong song) age 10-50 days.

What happens if the adult lives in London as an adult? What does he sing?

Sings Hong Kong Sparrow song

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the Sparrow Development Experiments show?

The song isn’t dictated by your genes
The adult environment isn’t dictated by your genes

Song is determined by the song you hear between ages 10-50 days = critical period!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens if the sparrow lives in London long enough?

He gets a little London Vibe but still sings Hong Kong song!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If there is an event in the critical period is it fixed or plastic?

There is a little plasticity, it isn’t completely carved in stone.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a sensitive period?

A period where a little goes a long way (bang for buck effect)

Both a little good and a little bad go a long way!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why are sensitive periods important to us?

There is a lot at stake if we miss the boat or there is a bad experience. Puppyhood is precious we need to get certain things accomplished and that he doesn’t have bad experiences.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the ethology meaning of imprinting?

Hard-wired cataloguing of features that represent a parent of mate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What period does imprinting fall in?

Critical period!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What types of imprinting are there?

Parental and sexual

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does imprinting not mean?

Bonding, social connection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When is the socialisation period in dogs?

3 weeks (21 days) - 12/18 weeks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do we know when the socialisation period is?

Experiments based on extreme omission resulting in profound fear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why can’t we determine when the socialisation period ends?

We cannot replicate the experiments in today’s world because it is unethical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the socialisation period?

A very sensitive, possibly critical period. we don’t have the exact answers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are neonatal puppies?

v young pups - 21 days.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Are puppies completely deaf when they are neonatal?

No! They are closed/muffled. We also can’t read any reaction as pups don’t have the ability to show us much at this v young age.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do we know about the socialisation period?

Its either a sensitive or critical period The earlier the better!

What was not conclusive about the extreme omission in the socialisation period

Whether the extreme fear could be reversed with subsequent efforts

What 4 tasks are critical in puppies - before 12 weeks

Bite inhibition - you can't soften up the mouth later on Socialisation to people Socialisation to dogs Tolerance of novelty

What are the sensitive tasks in pups? Before 12 weeks?

Body handling RG modification/prevention Obedience? Problem-solving?

Does early prevention of RG issues have a positive effect later in life?

No one knows! majority says prevention does help. you never get a false negative I,e. if a dog doesn't RG is that because they don't have the software or was it the prevention exercises?

Which 2 tasks is JD on the fence about "essential" tasks in the socialization period?

Obedience Problem solving

Do we want good problem solvers?

?! the jury is out!!!

Why is it difficult to find out which tasks in the sensitive period are lore and which are true?

Ethics!

What prognostic indicators are there - more difficult

Hard mouth Poor client compliance Strangers Explosive/no threat Larger dog Refractory - poor curve

What is a prognostic indicator?

The likelihood of a good or bad outcome in aggression and fear cases

What are the prognostic indicators - less difficult

Soft mouth Committed/compliant client Food guarding Protracted warnings Smaller dog Plastic dog - good learning

What is a bigger dog???

>30ibs

Are the mouth and size of dog linked?

No, these are independent. Larger dog with the same mouth as a smaller dog, the smaller dog had the better prognosis. This could be because of human perspective of a smaller dog vs a larger dog.

Which 2 things on the prognosis indicators are established/influenced during the critical period of socialisation in dogs?

Hard mouth - bit inhibition Strangers socialisation

Can we improve aggression prognosis in the critical period

yes, we can influence and socialise to strangers and teach bite inhibition. We should highlight these in puppy classes.

What should we prioritise in pups

Bite inhibition Socialisation to strangers

What happens between ages 1 and 3 in most dogs?

Dog tolerance to play changes they may: 1) Play less and less overall 2) Become increasingly selective about whom they play with 3) Become less tolerant of forward behaviour in other dogs

Can we normalise less tolerance of "forward" behaviour in other dogs?

Yes!

Do we want to manage or modify normal beahviour

yes sometimes!

What sort of sound shyness is most sound sensitivity?

Primary sound sensitivity - they are sensitive to the sound itself. That sound is the aversive. it isn't associated with something else.

What is a secondary sound sensitivity

A -CER to a certain sound because it coincided with some other event. E.g. CC to fear a sound!

Why can primary sound sensitivity sometimes look like secondary sound sensitivity?

It's like an allergy, exposure to the allergen, or the sound, brings out the allergy or sound sensitivity. E.g., multiple sensitization exposures which make it seem like a non-genetic origin. It's an example of genes interacting with the environment.

Are genetic behaviours more difficult to desensitise

No it depends on the behaviour

What is a feature of a black Russian terrier?

Slow maturing, very spooky

At what age do social fears usually come on?

between ages 1 - 3, gradually

Do spooky dogs/breeds present as normal puppies?

Yes! often they do

Which type of dog should we prioritise socialisation for social fears

Spooky dogs.

Is social fears onset abrupt?

No! It can seem abrupt because the first big-ticket display is labelled as the onset. But it will gradually come on and then plateau.

Is social fear ever to do with a local event

Yes! But we can superstitiously label it as "because of" when it's actually genetics. We need to be careful.

What is "gameness" in a dog?

Really wants to fight. V hard to get him to stop

What are the two presentations of gameness?

Early onset Late onset

When do we see late onset in gameness

between ages 1 - 3 regardless of socialisation efforts

What do we see with early onset gameness?

Very scrappy in litters, scars, injuries sometimes need to be separated from litter mates .

What would we advise someone who wants to adopt a dog breed known to be game?

Adopt after age 3 with no dog dog aggression history. Should be a known player.

When is female housemate agg likelty to appear?

Younger of the 2 females reaching ages 1 - 3

What do you see in female housemate agg?

Trend towards more injurious fights, often with minimal or fuzzy antecedent (trigger)

What can happen in female housemate agg in regards to abi?

Dogs who prev. had good mouths getting more and more injurious fights

What are the options for female housemate agg?

Management.

Why is mgmt the option for female housemate agg?

The stakes of injury are high Impossible to achieve 100% with b-mod we cannot risk another fight. Mgmt or placement of one dog is the best solution.

Are female housemate agg dogs normally game?

no! they can sometimes live with friendly males and are fine on street!

Is female housemate agg common?

no lots of female dogs live happily together

Developmental Events Flashcards

(65 cards)