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AP PSYCH > developmental psych > Flashcards

developmental psych Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

nature vs. nurture

A

how does genetic inheritance (our nature) influence our behavior?

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2
Q

continuity vs. stages

A

is development a gradual, continuous process or a sequence of chunks (separate stages)?

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3
Q

stability vs. change

A

do our early personality traits persist through, life, or become different people as we age

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4
Q

zygote

A

a fertilized cell with 100 cells that become increasingly diverse

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5
Q

embryo

A

at about 14 days the zygote becomes

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6
Q

fetus

A

at about 9 weeks the embryo becomes

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7
Q

teratogen

A

chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the developing fetus
- ex. alcohol (can cause fetal alcohol syndrome)

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8
Q

cross-sectional study

A

study different people across different age groups to note changes in development (study at the same time)

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9
Q

longitudinal study

A

study the same group of people as they develop and note changes

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10
Q

reflexes

A
  • infants are born with them
  • help with their survival
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11
Q

rooting reflex

A

baby turns head toward the source of touch

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12
Q

grasping reflex

A

babies are able to grasp things

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13
Q

habituation

A

babies tend to look at newer things longer

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14
Q

maturation

A

when you are biologically ready to do something
- ex. sitting up (motor development), walking, potty training, etc.

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15
Q

jean piaget

A

created the piaget’s stages of cognitive development

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16
Q

schema

A

molds that we pour our experiences into

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17
Q

assimilation

A

the process of incorporating new experiences into our current understanding or schema

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18
Q

accommodation

A

adjusting or modifying a schema

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19
Q

sensorimotor stage

A
  • ages: birth - 2 years old
  • exploring the world through senses (hearing, touch, taste, etc.)
  • object permanence, stranger anxiety
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20
Q

preoperational stage

A
  • ages: 2-6 or 7
  • thinking with their “gut”
  • pretend play, egocentrism, language
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21
Q

concrete operational stage

A
  • ages: 7-11 years
  • thinking logically
  • conservation, mathematical transformations
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22
Q

formal operational stage

A
  • ages: 12 - adulthood
  • thinking abstractly
  • abstract thinking, mature moral reasoning
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23
Q

object permanence

A

knowing an object exists, even if you can’t see it

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24
Q

stranger anxiety

A

fear of people they don’t know

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25
egocentrism
inability to see from a new perspective - ex. standing in front of a tv
26
conservation
physical properties stay the same even if appearance changes
27
logical thinking
basic thinking
28
abstract thinking
thinking outside the box ideas and solutions
29
contact comfort
factor of attachment
30
harlow's monkey studies
- harlow worked with baby rhesus monkeys - gave them wire mother with food - gave them cloth mother without food - baby monkey chose to spend time with cloth mother, proving contact comfort is a strong factor in attachment
31
mary ainsworth's strange situation experiments
strange situation: parents with a child, leave, then come back... - secure attachment: 66% - extreme stress, which parent leaves, run to mother when she returns, calms down with mother in the room - insecure (avoidant): 21% - extreme stress when parent leaves, doesn't want to be held when the mother returns. parents leave, cannot calm down once the mother returns
32
secure attachment
an attachment where a child feels comforted by the presence of their caregiver
33
insecure avoidant attachment
instead of craving intimacy, they're so wary of closeness that they try to avoid emotional connection with others
34
self-concept
if there is red paint on their forehead, and they look in the mirror - they rub it off their forehead - a sense of one's own identity personal self-worth
35
permissive parenting
parents submit to children's demand
36
authoritative parenting
parents are demanding but explain their rationale for the rules
37
authoritarian parenting
parents impose rules and expect obedience
38
adolescence
the life stage between childhood and adulthood
39
puberty
- adolescence starts with it - usually occurs early in girls earlier than in boys
40
primary sexual characteristics
changes that occur during puberty that aid in reproduction
41
secondary sexual characteristics
changes that occur during puberty that DO NOT aid in reproduction (facial hair, deep voice, growth spurt)
42
lawrence kohlberg's moral dilemma research
43
preconventional stage of morality
right and wrong are based on rewards and punishments
44
conventual stage of morality
right and wrong are based on authority
45
post-conventional stage of morality
people have their own moral code
46
carol gilligan
had a response to kohlberg's 3 stages of moral reasoning - kohlberg should have used both boys and girls, not just boys - boys have an all-or-none view of morality, and girls pay attention to situational factors (girls may ask for more info. before making a call)
47
erik erikson
created the 8 stages of psycho-social development
48
trust vs. mistrust
stage: infancy - parents caring for you (ex. feed you, care for you)
49
autonomy vs. shame or doubt
stage: toddlerhood - doing things on their own
50
initiative vs. guilt
stage: preschooler - develop their own favorite colors, movies, etc.
51
industry vs. inferiority
stage: elementary school - adding pleasure to tasks
52
identity vs. role confusion
stage: adolescence - refining a sense of self
53
intimacy vs. isolation
stage: young adulthood - struggle to form close relationships
54
generativity vs. stagnation
stage: middle adulthood - find ways to add value to life: career meaning to society, having kids
55
integrity vs. despair
stage: late adulthood - reflecting on life
56
emerging adulthood
ages 18-25 - in between indolence and adulthood
57
dementia
loss of memory
58
alzheimer's disease
leads to severe dementia
59
prospective memory
remember to do things certain things at certain times - ex. work after school
60
fluid intelligence
refers to your ability to reason quickly - this deteriorates with age
61
crystalline/crystallized intelligence
accumulated knowledge and skills, this does not go away with old age
62
social clock
the social norm to do things - ex. getting married
63
kubler-ross 5 stages of grief
1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance

AP PSYCH (13 decks)

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